Abstract: An impact hammer has a housing, a motor accommodated in the housing, an impacting mechanism accommodated in the housing and having a driver and a striker which is displaced by the driver in an axial direction and periodically strikes a shaft of a tool with the driver being tiltable about a tilting axis, a driving element which drives the driver into a reciprocating motion and a shaft which rotates the driving element. The driving element is provided with two interengaging eccentric parts including a first eccentric part which is non-rotatably connected with the shaft and a second eccentric part which is axially displaceable relative to the shaft. The eccentric parts have ring surfaces each surrounding the shaft, arranged asymmetrically relative to one another and being in contact with one another.

Abstract: A fuel-injection valve having a metallic perforated disc arranged on a valve-seat body downstream of a valve-seat. The perforated disc arranged on the valve-seat body is supported by a supporting disc which is provided with a passage orifice and which is thicker than the perforated disc. This effectively prevents an undesirable bending of the perforated disc and at the same time improves the fuel treatment at the spray orifices. The supporting disc is made pot-shaped and is welded, together with the perforated disc, to the valve-seat body by a continuous welding seam. The fuel-injection valve is used in fuel-injection systems of mixture-compressing spark-ignition internal-combustion engines.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for determining the storage capacity of a catalytic converter of an internal combustion engine with the aid of a first signal from an oxygen-indicating first probe mounted forward of the catalytic converter and a second signal from an oxygen-indicating second probe mounted rearward of the catalytic converter. The first and second signals show the change from rich to lean and vice versa and the method includes the steps of: determining the storage capacity as a quantity proportional to the time-dependent integral of an integration variable; starting the integration at a time point at which said first signal changes from rich to lean or vice versa; and, ending the integration after a time interval. The method does not need a special test operation of the engine to determine the storage capacity of the catalytic converter.

Abstract: A hydraulic brake system including at least one electromagnetically actuatable valve is disposed in a receiving bore. A throttle body at least partly surrounding the valve on one end in the axial direction is provided in the receiving bore and has a throttle restriction in a through bore. In this hydraulic brake system, adjusting the stroke of an armature can be done in a simple manner before the throttle body is installed on the valve. The valve and the throttle body is especially suitable for outlet valves of hydraulic motor-vehicle brake systems.

Abstract: The oscillating grinder includes a housing; a drive motor having a rotatably driven armature shaft and mounted in the housing; a grinder plate connected with the housing by one or more supporting members each having a long side; an eccentric element mounted eccentrically on the armature shaft for converting a rotary motion of the motor into a linear motion of the grinder plate; and a transmission element having a long side and connecting the eccentric element to the grinder plate. The transmission element and the supporting members have different angular moments of inertia in different directions so that a displacement of the eccentric element in one direction, advantageously in the handle direction, is completely transmitted to the grinder plate, but a displacement in another direction transverse to the first direction is no more than incompletely, and preferably not at all, transmitted to the grinder plate, thus providing a linear grinding motion.

Abstract: A bag package making machine that operates aseptically and in which a product is filled into a tube of packaging material and bag packages are partitioned off from that tube, the parts that come into contact with the packaging material and the product are sterilized, before filling operation begins, by passing a sterilizing agent through the filling tube and the bag forming part. For passing a sterilizing agent through the filling tube, a cup-shaped connecting element, which is enclosed by the packaging material tube, is connected to the outlet of the filling tube. Toward the end of the sterilizing phase, the filling tube and the connecting element are moved apart from one another, and the part of the packaging material tube surrounding these parts is sealed off between the connecting element and the filling tube and severed, so that the filling tube end remains in the closed end portion of the tube of packaging material which continues in a sterilized condition.

Abstract: In order to simplify the use of a portable emergency call device to place calls on a public telephone network, the emergency call receiver for receiving an automated call code signal from the portable device is part of a cordless telephone installation at the premises of a telephone subscriber. That installation includes a memory of telephone numbers subscribers to be alerted to the presence of an emergency call, together with logic for sequencing calls to several subscribers in repeated sequence until one of them receives the emergency call.

Abstract: A resistance probe is proposed for detecting gas compositions, particularly in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. This resistance probe has the advantage over prior art resistance probes that, with a short response time, it is considerably more aging resistant. This is accomplished in that the resistance layer configured as a semiconductor layer is introduced or sintered into recesses or slits provided for this purpose in the prefabricated sensor carrier body and above it is applied a porous, electrically non-conductive engobe or a protective layer structure in the form of a grid or raster. These measures enable the measuring gas to gain access to the semiconductor layer, but the semiconductor layer is simultaneously protected against corrosive, erosive and/or cavitative attacks from the exhaust gas.

Abstract: The circuit arrangement for detecting and evaluating knocking in an internal combustion engine includes a knock sensor located in the internal combustion engine to generate a knock sensor signal having knock signal frequency components of differing knock signal frequencies; an oscillator producing a constant frequency oscillator signal; a mixer stage producing a mixed signal including mixed signal frequency components of various mixed signal frequencies which are less than the corresponding knock signal frequencies of the knock sensor signal, the mixer stage being connected to receive the constant frequency oscillator signal and the knock sensor signal; a level stabilizing circuit for adjusting an amplitude of the knock sensor signal to a constant amplitude level despite changes in an operating state of the internal combustion engine, the level stabilizing circuit connecting the knock sensor and the mixer stage; a filter circuit connected to the mixer stage to filter the mixed signal and form a filtered mixed

Abstract: The invention relates to an electronic circuit arrangement for triggering excitation windings of electromagnetic components, provided with supplementary circuit elements, in particular free-running circuit elements, preferably solenoid valves (MV.sub.1 to MV.sub.n), whereby in order to provide a flexible open-loop control, the components are each connected in series to a controllable contact element (3). To reduce the degree of complexity of the circuit, the manufacturing price and the space requirement, it is proposed that the connecting terminals (1, 4) of this series connection lead directly, and the connections (2) between the components (MV.sub.1 to MV.sub.n) and the contact elements (3) lead via diodes (D.sub.1 to D.sub.n), respectively, to a collecting point (A, B, C), to which collecting points (A, B, C) is linked one and the same supplementary circuit-element configuration (T.sub.F,C.sub.L,10,11) shared by all components.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for operating a multi-phase synchronous motor includes a switching device (13) composed of semiconductor switches (14-16) for the successive connection of the winding phases (u, v, w) of the armature winding (10) to a direct mains voltage and a commutation device (21) for the actuation of the semiconductor switches (14-16) in the correct sequence by means of switching signals (S1-S3) in conformance with the rotary position of the rotor. In order to reduce commutation noise and radio interference with low circuit engineering expenditures, each control input (G) of the semiconductor switches (14-16) is preceded by an analog difference former ( 18-20 ) which receives, on the one hand, the switching signal (S1-S3) associated with the semiconductor switch (14-16) and, on the other hand, a reference signal derived from the phase sum current of the armature winding (10).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for filtering out disturbances in the form of short term wheel acceleration signals when the wheel exhibits an overall deceleration, so that a more accurate deceleration signal can be used for control of drive slippage.Wheel speed v is measured at intervals T.sub.A and speed changes for each interval are determined. When a change is negative or zero following a positive change in a previous interval, the wheel speed is stored as a maximum speed v.sub.max while v continues to be measured and a counter determines the period of time .DELTA.t between the occurrence of v.sub.max and the instantaneous value v. Beginning at a predetermined filtering time .DELTA.T after storing v.sub.max, a quotient .DELTA.v/.DELTA.t representing the filtered slope of the value v is determined and used as a control variable to regulate wheel slippage.

Abstract: An ignition coil for ignition systems of internal combustion engines of motor vehicles has at least one primary connection part connectable with a voltage source, at least one secondary connection part having at least one connection dome, a pin and a spark plug terminal connected with the pin and attachable to a spark plug mountable in a spark plug recess, and a centering sleeve adapted to the shape of the spark plug recess and allowing for movement clearance, and the centering sleeve is undetachably fastened to the spark plug terminal.

Abstract: Monitoring apparatus is provided for the ignition system of an internal combustion engine such as is provided in a motor vehicle, which is capable of detecting a variety of malfunctions of ignition under a variety of engine operating ranges, so that the catalyst used in the exhaust system of the engine can be protected by setting lambda=0 and/or cutting off fuel injection to an inoperative cylinder, in as many instances of malfunction as possible. Various methods of monitoring are available and are correlated for selection in accordance with the different operating ranges of the engine. The ignition spark duration and the ignition discharge voltage are measured for individual sparks on the primary side of an ignition coil and are compared with limit values for correct ignition, these limit values being selected from a memory in accordance with the particular range of operating conditions in which the engine is operating.

Abstract: A method for determining the coefficient of friction .mu. between the wheel and the road is described. Assuming a moving vehicle, the brake pressure on a non-driven wheel (measuring wheel) is increased until a tendency to lock occurs. At the same time, the driving torque is increased so that the braking force of the measuring wheel and the increased driving force of the driving wheel on the same vehicle side equal each other. Additionally, an increased driving force of the second driving wheel must be removed by braking.

Abstract: In the anti-lock control system described, the beginning of control is made more difficult in order to screen out disturbances. This is achieved by forming the sum or the average value of the slip values of at least the wheels of the front axle and, for triggering control, entering this sum or this average value into the instability criterion.

Abstract: A lower limiting value of the yaw speed is calculated as a function of the steering angle, the vehicle speed, and the coefficient of friction between tires and road. If the yaw speed falls below the lower limiting value, the brake pressure is reduced in order to increase lateral stability.

Abstract: A digitally modulated signal of the FSK type is subjected to limiting and linear FM demodulation to produce a baseband signal which often fails to show clearly the serial binary digital signal because of distortion and disturbances prior to its reception. The amplitude of the base-band signal is digitally sampled (quantized) at a uniform sampling rate which is an integral multiple of the symbol rate of the base-band signal. A sequence of successive amplitude samples spanning at least a symbol period addresses, at twice the symbol rate a look-up table containing a set of stored signal patterns and correspondence of patterns within a predetermined degree of similarity is elicited at twice the symbol rate along with information on the degree of similarity, and also a synchronizing pulse when the amplitude pattern shows that a binary signal transition is detected at a particular part of the pattern of the amplitude sample sequence.

Abstract: The actual quotient of the engine speed and sensed speed of the driven wheels is compared to a reference quotient calculated from the engine speed and the instantaneous gear ratio. When wheel vibrations affect the sensed wheel speed signals to an unacceptable degree, the actual quotient will deviate from the reference quotient by more than a prescribed amount. A reference wheel speed calculated from the reference quotient and the engine speed will then be used to determine slippage values, which in turn are used to generate control signals from braking and limiting engine torque. The reference wheel speed may either be used to replace the sensed wheel speeds or to limit the increase in the sensed wheel speeds.

Abstract: A valve fuel injection including a filter on the valve, the filter includes a filter cloth which is disposed on the circumference of the valve body in such a way that the filter cloth covers the through openings of the valve body. The filter cloth is provided with a sprayed plastic coating except in the area of the through openings in order to fix the filter cloth in its position relative to the through openings. In this way, contamination of the valve interior with plastic particles is avoided. The fuel injection valve is particularly suitable for fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines.