Abstract: Apparatus for applying electromagnetic radiation to the pelvic cavity is described, which comprises a first electrode (12) which is inserted into the pelvic cavity (10) in use. A second electrode (14) is also provided and an electromagnetic generating cicuit (1, 2, 6, 9) is coupled to each electrode (12, 14). The frequency generated by the generating circuit (1, 2, 6, 9) in use is emitted by one of the electrodes (12) and received at the other electrode (14) so that the temperature of the cells adjacent to the first electrode (12) is increased above the normal cell temperature. The apparatus is particularly useful for exposing the endometrium to histotoxic temperature and to thus achieve endometrial destruction. Typically, the electromagnetic radiation is radio frequency radiation which is preferably in the range of 500 kHz to 500 MHz. The end (22) of the first electrode (12) may be curved in order to allow access to the cornua regions of the uterine cavity and to improve endometrial contact.

Abstract: A medical instrument for monitoring fetal heart rate and having an electrode for insertion by rotation in the fetal head, and a torque limiting device for preventing over-penetration of the electrode. The torque limiting device is preferably a helical spring rotatable with the electrode at low torque and arranged to disengage from frictional driving contact at the torque limit.

Abstract: A Hulka applicator has the forward end of the jaw-closing ram altered. The forward end has transversely-spaced jaw-engaging surfaces which engage the sides of the top of the upper clip jaw and cannot engage the clip spring.

Abstract: An applicator for introducing a surgical sprung clip into a patient's abdomen and setting the clip in position comprises an outer tube having a forward end provided with a clip locating cradle, an inner tube and a pusher rod located in the outer tube for manipulating a clip positioned in the cradle and controls for the inner tube and pusher rod formed as a pistol grip arrangement at the rear end of the outer tube so that an operator can manipulate the applicator controls with one hand.