Abstract: The rate of water vapor sorption of an absorption cycle cooling and/or heating system using an aqueous alkali metal halide or hydroxide solution as the working fluid is increased by adding to the fluid an effective additive amount of at least 2 parts per million of a primary, secondary or tertiary aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic or aromatic amine to the fluid capable of increasing the rate of water vapor absorption.

Abstract: The third stage generator of a triple effect absorption apparatus may be operated at vapor pressures below 25 psig and more preferably below 15 psig by using a metal salt concentration in the absorption fluid in the third stage generator of at least 66.5%, by weight.

Abstract: A composite hologram incorporates a plurality of hologram tiles arranged for display, each of the hologram tiles formed by exposing each of a plurality of different unexposed photographic plates simultaneously to light scattered by an intermediate hologram using a conjugate complex of a first reference wave from a coherent light source and to a second reference wave from the coherent light source.

Abstract: A solenoid operated valve for supplying a liquid refrigerant has an inlet port, or outlet port and a valve port therebetween, the outlet port having a restricted opening equal to or smaller than the opening of the valve port, a capillary tube in the outlet port, and a passageway between the valve port and the outlet port having a small volume capable of substantially preventing expansion of liquid refrigerant.

Abstract: A valve assembly includes a refrigerant inlet port and a refrigerant outlet port having a restricted opening, with the inlet port opening at least 2 times larger than the restricted outlet port opening. The valve includes components for opening and closing the inlet port in response to valve cavity pressure between the inlet and outlet ports.The larger inlet port relative to the restricted outlet port provides for rapid pressure buildup in the valve cavity when the inlet port is open which, in turn, causes rapid closing of the inlet port. The valve is capable of rapid cycling rates, highly effective for small refrigeration or cooling apparatus, as well as for controlling pressure in other applications requiring pressure regulation.

Abstract: An apparatus capable of providing rapid cooling and/or freezing comprises a cabinet or container having a cooling chamber, one or more reactors each containing a complex compound formed by adsorbing a polar gas on a metal salt, in which the polar gas is alternately adsorbed and desorbed on the complex compound, and in which the complex compound is formed by restricting the volumetric expansion and controlling the density during adsorption of the polar gas on the metal salt, whereby the complex compound is capable of adsorbing said polar gas at a rate of greater than 15 moles per mole hour of the complex compound in about 20 minutes or less, a condenser for condensing the polar gas, an evaporator thermally exposed to the cooling chamber for providing cooling therein, and conduits and one or more valves for directing said polar gas from the one or more reactors to the condenser, from the condenser to the evaporator and from the evaporator to the one or more reactors.

Abstract: An apparatus capable of providing rapid cooling and/or freezing comprises a cabinet or container having a cooling chamber, one or more reactors each containing a complex compound formed by adsorbing a polar gas on a metal salt, in which the polar gas is alternately adsorbed and desorbed on the complex compound, and in which the complex compound is formed by restricting the volumetric expansion and controlling the density during adsorption of the polar gas on the metal salt, whereby the complex compound is capable of adsorbing said polar gas at a rate of greater than 15 moles per mole hour of the complex compound in about 20 minutes or less, a condenser for condensing the polar gas, an evaporator thermally exposed to the cooling chamber for providing cooling therein, and conduits and one or more valves for directing said polar gas from the one or more reactors to the condenser, from the condenser to the evaporator and from the evaporator to the one or more reactors.

Abstract: A refrigerator and/or freezer incorporates one or more reactors containing a complex compound of a metal salt and a polar gas adsorbed thereon in which the volumetric expansion of the complex compound is restricted during adsorption, and which reactors comprise one or reaction chambers having a maximum means mass diffusion path length of less than about 15 mm, and/or a maximum thermal diffusion path length of less than 1.5 mm.

Abstract: A heating system incorporates one or more reactors containing a complex compound of a metal salt and a polar gas adsorbed thereon in which the volumetric expansion of the complex compound is restricted during adsorption and which reactors comprise one or more reaction chambers having a maximum mean mass diffusion path length of less than about 15 mm, and/or a maximum thermal diffusion path length of less than 1.5 min.

Abstract: The rate of water vapor sorption of an absorption cycle cooling and/or heating system using an aqueous alkali metal halide or hydroxide solution as the working fluid is increased by adding to the fluid an effective additive amount of at least 2 parts per million of a primary, secondary or tertiary aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic or aromatic amine to the fluid capable of increasing the rate of water vapor absorption.

Abstract: A liquid vapor absorption system comprises: one or more absorbers, one or more generators, and a fluid loop for directing refrigerant absorption fluid between the absorbers and generators, heat exchangers for selectively functioning as an evaporator or a condenser and cooperating with an indoor coil for recovering thermal energy,a reservoir for condensed refrigerant,a phase-change thermosyphon loop for directing condensed refrigerant from the reservoir to the heat exchange section of an absorber for removing heat of absorption, anda reversing valve means for selectively directing gaseous refrigerant to the heat exchangers functioning as a condenser, and for simultaneously directing gaseous refrigerant from the heat exchangers functioning as an evaporator to the absorber.

Abstract: In a sorption reaction system comprising one or more first reactors in which a refrigerant is alternately adsorbed and desorbed, and one or more second reactors in which a refrigerant is alternately desorbed and adsorbed, respectively, and having a cooling loop for directing heat transfer fluid to and from said reactors, a method of cooling an adsorbing reactor comprises directing liquid phase heat transfer fluid having a phase change from liquid to gas at a temperature at or below the temperature of adsorption to an adsorbing reactor in heat exchange exposure to the adsorbent utilizing vaporized heat transfer fluid for driving the liquid heat transfer fluid in the cooling loop. The refrigerant may be used as the heat transfer fluid. The invention includes apparatus for carrying out the method.

Abstract: A chemisorption reaction process is carried out under conditions in which the volumetric expansion of the complex compound reaction product is restricted, and at half-cycle reaction periods of less than 30 minutes each, and/or in a reaction chamber having a maximum mean mass diffusion path length of less than about 15 mm, and/or a maximum heat diffusion path length of less than 1.5 mm.

Abstract: The rate of water vapor sorption of an absorption cycle cooling and/or heating system using an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution as the working fluid is increased by adding at least 2 parts per million of a primary, secondary or tertiary aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic amine to the fluid.

Abstract: Apparatus for cooling components or subassemblies of equipment at one or more locations comprises a first reactor located at a remote location from said equipment, and a second reactor located in heat exchange communication with a component or subassembly of said equipment, each of said first or second reactors containing a different complex compound of a polar refrigerant and a metal salt, wherein the equilibrium temperature of the complex compound in said first reactor differs from the equilibrium temperature of the complex compound in said second reactor by between about 10.degree. C. and about 150.degree. C. at the same operating pressure, heating means for heating a complex compound in said first reactor, and conduit means for directing polar refrigerant between said reactors.

Abstract: The basic apparatus of the invention is a triple effect absorption cycle apparatus, comprising first, second and third generators each containing an aqueous absorption fluid and operating at successively higher temperatures; first, second and third condensers operating at successively higher temperatures, and operatively communicating with the generators; first heat exchange means cooperating between the third and second generators, and between the second condenser and first generator, for directing energy therebetween; one, two or three absorbers and one, two or three fluid loops for directing aqueous absorption fluid between absorbers and second heat exchange means for exchanging energy between aqueous absorption fluid flows in said loops; and one, two or three evaporators operatively communicating with the absorbers.

Abstract: Reaction rates in chemisorption reactions involving solid reactants and gaseous ligands are improved by maintaining optimized solid density throughout the reaction. Methods and apparatus which restrict volumetric solid expansion, compression of the solid reactant, and mixture with inert solid porous or particulate materials are disclosed.

Abstract: Apparatus for simultaneously supplying heating and cooling or refrigeration comprises first and second reactors each containing a complex compound of a metal salt and a gaseous refrigerant adsorbed thereon, a condenser, refrigerant conduit means for directing the refrigerant to and from the condenser and reactors, and fluid conduit means for directing heat transfer fluid in heat exchange communication with the condenser and selectively with the reactors. In another embodiment each reactor contains a different salt and instead of a condenser, energy is recovered through heat exchange fluid in heat exchange communication with the reactors.

Abstract: The basic apparatus of the invention is a triple effect absorption cycle apparatus, comprising first, second and third generators each containing an aqueous absorption fluid and operating at successively higher temperatures; first, second and third condensers operating at successively higher temperatures, and operatively communicating with the generators; first heat exchange means cooperating between the third condenser and second generator, and between the second condenser and first generator, for directing energy therebetween; one, two or three absorbers and one, two or three fluid loops for directing aqueous absorption fluid between absorbers and second heat exchange means for exchanging energy between aqueous absorption fluid flows in said loops; and one, two or three evaporators operatively communicating with the absorbers.

Abstract: The basic apparatus of the invention is a triple effect absorption cycle apparatus, comprising first, second and third generators each containing an aqueous absorption fluid and operating at successively higher temperatures; first, second and third condensers operating at successively higher temperatures, and operatively communicating with the generators; first heat exchange means cooperating between the third and second generators, and between the second condenser and first generator, for directing energy therebetween; one, two or three absorbers and one, two or three fluid loops for directing aqueous absorption fluid between absorbers and second heat exchange means for exchanging energy between aqueous absorption fluid flows in said loops; and one, two or three evaporators operatively communicating with the absorbers.