Abstract: Silane compositions are described which comprise (A) a silane coupling agent; and (B) a tris(silylorgano)amine or alkane characterized by the formulae [(RO)3SiR1]3N  (I) or [(RO)3SiR1]3CR2  (II) wherein each R is independently an alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aryl, aralkyl or cycloalkyl group of less than 20 carbon atoms; R1 is a divalent hydrocarbon or polyether group of less than 20 carbon atoms; and R2 is a functional group represented by CnH2nX wherein n is from 0 to 20 and X is selected from the group consisting of amino, amido, hydroxy, alkoxy, halo, mercapto, carboxy, acyl, vinyl, allyl, styryl, epoxy, isocyanato, glycidoxy, and acryloxy groups. The silane compositions of the present invention are adhesive compositions providing improved bonding of surfaces such as glass, metal and metal oxides to thermosetting resins. The silane compositions also exhibit improved moisture resistance.

Abstract: This invention relates to an aqueous etching composition for etching metallic copper comprising(a) an acid,(b) a copper complexing agent,(c) a metal capable of having a multiplicity of oxidation states which is present in one of its higher positive oxidation states and which metal forms a composition soluble salt, and(d) oxygen wherein the concentration of the higher positive oxidation state metal in the composition is greater than about 4 grams/liter of composition.The invention also relates to a process for etching metallic copper comprising contacting the surface of a copper substrate with the aqueous etching compositions of the invention. A method of regenerating a spent aqueous etching composition of the invention which has been used for etching metallic copper also is described.

Abstract: It has now been found that one or more metals selected from the group consisting of tin, lead, bismuth, indium, gallium and germanium may be deposited onto a metal surface utilizing an aqueous electroless plating bath which comprises(A) at least one bath-soluble metal salt selected from the group consisting of stannous salts, lead salts, bismuth salts, indium salts, gallium salts, and germanium salts;(B) at least one complexing agent selected from the group consisting of thiourea compounds and imidazole thiones, and(C) at least one amidine.Preferably, the aqueous plating baths also contain at least one acid, and the baths optionally may contain one or more surfactants. The incorporation of the amidine into the plating baths results in a solution exhibiting desirable plating characteristics and increased copper holding power.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for improving the adhesion of copper circuitry to a dielectric layer and a method for forming a multilayer printed circuit board wherein the copper circuitry of the board is covered with a layer of an oxide, hydroxide, or combination thereof of a metal selected from the group consisting of tin, bismuth, lead, indium, gallium, germanium, and alloys of said metals. The process and multilayer circuit boards made thereby, have improved laminate adhesion and strength. Further, partial delamination, known as pink ring, is decreased or avoided by the present process. Further, the multilayer structures have decreased bond strength deterioration when exposed to elevated temperatures.

Abstract: It now has been found that a smooth and level deposit of tin, lead or tin-lead alloy can be deposited on a substrate from an aqueous plating bath which comprises (A) at least one bath-soluble metal salt selected from the group consisting of a stannous salt, a lead salt, or a mixture of stannous and lead salts, (B) an acid selected from the group consisting of sulfuric or fluoboric acid; and (C) an effective amount of at least one soluble bismuth salt of an alkane sulfonic acid or an alkanol sulfonic acid. Optionally, the aqueous plating bath may further comprise (D) at least one surfactant.

Abstract: A paint-stripper composition is described which comprises a mixture of(A) from about 5% to about 90% by weight of at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of benzyl alcohol, alkyl-substituted benzyl alcohols, furfuryl alcohol, alkyl-substituted furfuryl alcohol and acetylenic alcohols containing from 3 to about 5 carbon atoms;(B) from about 0.05% to about 5% by weight of at least one inorganic clay thickener;(C) from about 0.05% to about 5% by weight of at least one organic thickener; and(D) up to about 94.9% by weight of water.A method of stripping paint from a surface also is described, and the method comprises(A) contacting the paint with a paint stripper composition as described above; for a period of time sufficient to reduce the adhesion of the paint to the surface; and(B) removing said paint and paint-stripper composition from said surface.

Abstract: Silane compositions are described which comprise (A) a silane coupling agent; and (B) a tris(silylorgano)amine or alkane characterized by the formulae[(RO).sub.3 SiR.sup.1 ].sub.3 N (I)or[(RO).sub.3 SiR.sup.1 ].sub.3 CR.sup.2 (II)wherein each R is independently an alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aryl, aralkyl or cycloalkyl group of less than 20 carbon atoms; R.sup.1 is a rivalent hydrocarbon or polyether group of less than 20 carbon atoms; and R.sup.2 is a functional group represented byC.sub.n H.sub.2a Xwherein n is from 0 to 20 and X is selected from the group consisting of amino, amido, hydroxy, alkoxy, halo, mercapto, carboxy, acyl, vinyl, allyl, styryl, epoxy, isocyanato, glycidoxy, and acryloxy groups. The silane compositions of the present invention are adhesive compositions providing improved bonding of surfaces such as glass, metal and metal oxides to thermosetting resins. The silane compositions also exhibit improved moisture resistance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for mechanically plating small arms projectiles with a particulate plating metal to form jacketed small arms projectiles. The process comprises agitating a slurry comprising the small arms projectiles, an aqueous solution of a strong acid, a plating agent and the particulate plating metal, thereby producing a jacketed small arms projectile having improved lubricity characteristics and in less time than prior art methods employing electrodeposition to form the jacketed small arms projectiles.

Abstract: It has now been found that one or more metals selected from the group consisting of tin, lead, bismuth, indium, gallium and germanium may be deposited onto a metal surface utilizing an aqueous electroless plating solution which comprises(A) at least one solution-soluble metal salt selected from the group consisting of a stannous salt, a lead salt, a bismuth salt, an indium salt, a gallium salt and a germanium salt;(B) at least one acid selected from the group consisting of fluoboric acid, alkane sulfonic acids, alkanol sulfonic acids, and mixtures thereof;(C) a complexing agent which is an imidazole-2-thione compound of the Formula III ##STR1## wherein A and B are the same or different --RY groups wherein R is a linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbylene group containing up to 12 carbon atoms, and Y is a hydrogen, halogen, cyano, vinyl, phenyl, or ether moiety; and(D) water. Optionally, the aqueous plating solutions may contain one or more surfactants.

Abstract: A paint-stripper composition is described which comprises(A) at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of benzyl alcohol, alkyl-substituted benzyl alcohols, furfuryl alcohol, alkyl-substituted furfuryl alcohols and acetylenic alcohols containing from 3 to about 5 carbon atoms;(B) pyrrole as a co-solvent; and(C) at least one other organic amine compound as an activator.A method of stripping paint from a surface also is described, and the method comprises(A) contacting the paint with a paint-stripper composition which is free of organic phosphites and phosphines and comprises(A-1) at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of benzyl alcohol alkyl-substituted benzyl alcohols, furfuryl alcohol, alkyl-substituted furfuryl alcohols and acetylenic alcohols containing from 3 to about 5 carbon atoms; and(A-2) at least 0.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for depositing copper on a gravure roll comprising the steps of: immersing a gravure roll in an electroplating bath comprising A) copper, B) sulfuric acid, C) at least one alkoxythio compound, D) at least one sulfonated, sulfurized hydrocarbyl compound and E) at least one grain refining thio compound, and passing electric current through the bath to deposit copper on the gravure roll.

Abstract: An aqueous alkaline plating bath for the electrodeposition of a zinc-nickel alloy coating on a substrate is described. The plating bath generally comprise(A) zinc ions;(B) nickel ions; and(C) at least one heterocyclic compound having the general formulaRN.sup.+ --R.sup.1 --Y.sup.(-)a (X.sup.-).sub.b (I)wherein RN is an aromatic heterocyclic nitrogen-containing group, R.sup.1 is an alkylene or hydroxy alkylene group, Y is --OSO.sub.3, --SO.sub.3, --COOH, --CONH.sub.2 or --OH, X is a halide, a and b=0 or 1, and the sum of a+b=1. Preferably, additional additives are included in the plating bath to improve the properties of the deposited alloy. For example, polymers of aliphatic amines may be included to improve the level of the deposits and metal complexing agents such as hydroxyalkyl-substituted polyamines also may be included. The plating baths of the invention are effective depositing bright alloys over a wide current density range.

Abstract: A method is described for preparing a black chromium-containing conversion coating on a zinc-nickel alloy surface containing at least about 8% nickel in the alloy or on a zinc-iron alloy surface. The method of the invention comprises contacting said surfaces with an aqueous acidic solution comprising trivalent chromium and an amount of a phosphorus acid selected from phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, and mixtures thereof effective to provide a solution having a pH of from about 1.0 to about 2.5. Metal articles having zinc-nickel alloy surfaces containing at least about 8 % nickel in the alloy or having zinc-iron alloy surfaces which have been treated in accordance with the method of the invention exhibit the desired blackened surfaces and are characterized by improved corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A novel, environmentally innocuous, post-etch, pre-soldering cleaner and cleaning process is disclosed for removing contaminants from plated surfaces of printed circuit boards manufactured by the pattern plating method. The post-etch, cleaning process of this invention, for removing contaminants from plated surfaces of an etched printed circuit, comprises treating the plated surfaces with a cleaning solution which comprises an aqueous solution of (i) an imidazole-2-thione compound and (ii) an acid. The imidazole-2-thione compound has the formula: ##STR1## wherein A and B are the same or different --R--Y groups, wherein R is a linear, branched or cyclic alkenyl group containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms and Y is a hydrogen, halogen, cyano, vinyl, phenyl or ether moiety. Of this class of compounds, 1-methyl-3-propylimidazole-2-thione is preferred.

Abstract: A paint-stripper composition is described which comprises(A) at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of benzyl alcohol, alkyl-substituted benzyl alcohols, furfuryl alcohol, alkyl-substituted furfuryl alcohols and acetylenic alcohols containing from 3 to about 5 carbon atoms;(B) pyrrole as a co-solvent; and(C) at least one other organic amine compound as an activator.A method of stripping paint from a surface also is described, and the method comprises(A) contacting the paint with a paint-stripper composition which is free of organic phosphites and phosphines and comprises(A-1) at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of benzyl alcohol alkyl-substituted benzyl alcohols, furfuryl alcohol, alkyl-substituted furfuryl alcohols and acetylenic alcohols containing from 3 to about 5 carbon atoms; and(A-2) at least 0.

Abstract: A method is described for producing an iridescent chromium coating on a zinc-nickel alloy surface containing at least about 8% nickel in the alloy. The method of the invention comprises(A) contacting said surface with an aqueous acidic solution maintained at a temperature of from about 38.degree. C. to about 75.degree. C., wherein the solution comprises trivalent chromium as substantially the only chromium ion present, and a phosphorus acid selected from phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid and mixtures thereof in an amount effective to provide a solution having a pH of from about 1.0 to about 2.5; and(B) drying the surface.Metal articles having zinc-nickel alloy surfaces containing at least about 8% nickel in the alloy which have been treated in accordance with the method of the invention exhibit the desired iridescent coating and are characterized by improved corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A method is described for producing an iridescent chromium coating on a zinc-nickel alloy surface containing at least about 8% nickel in the alloy. The method of the invention comprises(A) contacting said surface with an aqueous acidic solution maintained at a temperature of from about 38.degree. C. to about 75.degree. C., wherein the solution comprises trivalent chromium as substantially the only chromium ion present, and a phosphorus acid selected from phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid and mixtures thereof in an amount effective to provide a solution having a pH of from about 1.0 to about 2.5; and(B) drying the surface.Metal articles having zinc-nickel alloy surfaces containing at least about 8% nickel in the alloy which have been treated in accordance with the method of the invention exhibit the desired iridescent coating and are characterized by improved corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A method is described for preparing a black zinc-nickel alloy surface containing at least about 8% nickel in the alloy. The method of the invention comprises contacting said surfaces with a chromium-free aqueous acidic solution of an inorganic acid. Preferably the inorganic acid is a phosphorus acid selected from phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, and mixtures thereof. The aqueous acidic solution can also contain at least one silane. Metal articles having zinc-nickel alloy surfaces containing at least about 8% nickel in the alloy which have been treated in accordance with the method of the invention exhibit the desired blackened surfaces and are characterized by improved corrosion resistance when at least one silane is present in the acidic solution.

Abstract: Acid, electroplating baths having consistent leveler activity contain levelers which are quaternized near-monodisperse polymers of acrylic or methacrylic trialkyl amine esters. The polymers may contain hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate ester components, unquaternized acrylic or methacrylic amine component as well as other polymeric components.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of controlling orthophosphite ion concentration in a hypophosphite-based electroless metal plating bath, comprising the steps of contacting the plating bath with a yttrium or a lanthanide series metal salt, and removing orthophosphite ions from the bath. The methods of the present invention provide effective means for controlling phosphite ion concentration in electroless metal plating baths and especially electroless nickel plating baths. The methods of the present invention provide means for increasing pH and removing orthophosphite ions from the plating bath.