Abstract: An electrical circuit arrangement provides a substrate and at least two conductive surfaces. The substrate comprises at least one layer disposed between the conductive surfaces. The conductive surfaces form a capacitor and overlap in part and form an overlapping area. In the event of a displacement of the conductive surfaces relative to one another, the resulting overlapping area is largely constant up to a threshold value of the displacement.

Abstract: An authentication-encryption unit provides at least one encryption element, where each encryption element encrypts a plain-data block and accordingly generates a cipher-data block. A common checksum is calculated over each cipher-data block. It is possible to select via a selection unit in each encryption element which data bits in each cipher-data block are to be used to calculate the common checksum.

Abstract: Measurement points for display on a two-dimensional pixel-based display device are formed by scanned and digitized measurement values. To this end, the resolution of each measurement point according to time and/or value is higher than the resolution of the two-dimensional pixel-based display device. The measurement points are connected into a continuous measurement point curve if they are not located on directly adjoining pixels. In order to determine the pixels to be depicted of the continuous measurement point curve between two measurement points not located on directly adjoining pixels, the positions of the adjoining measurement points within the associated pixels are taken into consideration.

Abstract: A method for estimating quality of images compressed with a transformation based compression method. The estimation method uses estimated errors generated by quantization to obtain an image quality indicator and does not require use of a reference image. The estimation method includes calculating a probability of at least one specific quantized transformation coefficient value for at least all coefficients representing one identical two-dimensional frequency, and estimating identifying parameters of at least one probability density function of non-quantized coefficient values from the quantized coefficient value probabilities, with a type of probability density function being preset. The estimation method further includes calculating an image quality indicator from errors introduced by quantization, which are derived from probability density function parameters and quantization parameters.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for detecting a covered dielectric object, where a microwave signal that can be modified in frequency is generated at a particular bandwidth and transmitted in the direction of the covered dielectric object. The microwave signal reflected by the object is then obtained from the three-dimensional measurement result in a lateral, two-dimensional pattern, a highest signal amplitude and a second-highest signal amplitude within a particular time period before or after the received microwave signal is identified in a plurality of pattern points of the pattern. The object is detected if an accumulation of pattern points of the pattern is present, in which the difference in each case between the highest and the second highest signal amplitude of the received microwave signal is less than a defined threshold value.

Abstract: A system for the identification of sinusoidal interference signals from a noise signal is provided. The system includes a unit for the estimation (51, 52, . . . , 5NFFT) of an autocorrelation matrix ({circumflex over (R)}v) of a measured signal (x(t), x(?·?t)), composed from the sinusoidal interference signals (Ak·ej(?kt+?k), Ak·ej(?k?·?t+?k)) and the noise signal (w(t), w(?·?t)), a unit (81, 82, . . . , 8NFFT) for frequency estimation, and a unit (91, 92, . . . , 9NFFT) for power-level determination of the spectral lines associated with the sinusoidal interference signals (Ak·ej(?kt+?k), Ak·ej(?k?·?t+?k)) A Fast Fourier Transform filter bank (1) is additionally provided for the generation of several frequency bands (v) for the measured signal (x(t), x(?·?t)), composed of the sinusoidal interference signals (Ak·ej(?kt+?k), Ak·ej(?k?·?t+?k)) and the noise signal (w(t), w(?·?t)).

Abstract: An approach is provided for correcting the feedback from electrical measurement converters to the device under test in the case of measurements in the high-frequency and/or microwave range. At least three measurements are implemented with respectively different input impedances of the measurement converter, and that the feedback-free measured value is then calculated from these.

Abstract: An antenna coupler for testing mobile transmitters and/or receivers, especially mobile telephones, comprises a mounting surface for the mobile transmitter and/or receiver and an antenna element. A mounting bracket is disposed on the mounting surface.

Abstract: A method and device for the simultaneous compensation of several signal errors that occur in an IQ-modulator, using respective inverse correction signals, wherein the optimized signal magnitude of each correction signal is calculated by the determination of the effective signal error and by the subsequent iterative minimization of the effective signal error.

Abstract: A measuring device (e.g., a vectorial network analyzer) by means of at least two ports can be connected to a device under test and has associated excitation/receiving units (ERUs), each thereof having one port. At least one ERU has a signal generator, which can apply an excitation signal onto a device under test. Each ERU possesses two receiving apparatuses (each with a mixer in connection with an oscillator signal) to receive the excitation signal, the reflected signal from the associated port or the signal transmitted to the associated port and converts said signal into an intermediate signal. Each ERU exhibits its own oscillator separate from the signal generator, and generates the oscillator signal for the mixer of the receiving apparatus of the ERU, whereby the frequency and/or phase of the oscillator signals, can be adjusted independently of the frequency and/or phase of oscillator signals of the oscillators of other ERUs.

Abstract: The invention concerns a procedure for estimating unknown amplification factors of a received CDMA signal, which encompasses a plurality of code channels, in which respectively an input signal from a symbol plane is split on a symbol plane through splitting with a split code (&ohgr;ab(&ngr;)) in a chip plane. The procedure is executed in the following steps: formation of a cost function dependent upon estimated values of all unknown amplification factors, partial differentiation of the cost function according to estimated value of the unknown amplification factors, formation of a matrix-vector-equation on the basis that all partial differentials of the cost function are zero and thus a minimum of the cost function is present, and the computation of at least some of the matrix coefficients of the matrix-vector-equation with a correlation function on the symbol plane.

Abstract: For transmitting digital HDTV signals, the HDTV signal, which is either fed with a data rate of .ltoreq.20.48 Mbit/s or which is data-reduced to such a data rate of .ltoreq.20.48 Mbit/s by means of a method utilizing the psycho-optical phenomena of the human eye, is split at the transmitter side of a broadband transmission link operating on the DSR method into two data streams of .ltoreq.10.24 Mbit/s each, and is fed to the I/Q interface of the 4PSK modulator of the DSR transmission link. These two data streams whch are transmitted to the I/Q output of the 4PSK demodulator of the DSR transmission link are then further processed thereat.

Abstract: In an arrangement for suppressing spurious signals occurring in a reception signal in a receiver of a high-frequency message transmission system, these spurious signals resulting from at least one neighboring channel that neighbors the useful signal channel, the reception signal is distributed onto at least two branches. One of the branches has a summing element as well as a circuit for generating a signal with a frequency, phase and amplitude corresponding to the useful signal. The other branch also has a summing element as well as a circuit for generating a signal having a frequency, phase and amplitude corresponding to the spurious signal. The signals of these branches are respectively supplied anti-phase to the summing element of the respective other branch.