Abstract: A movie projector for narrow film with sound track is adapted to different operating conditions corresponding, for example, to different sound film types, by means of control inititated by the film itself upon insertion. The leader of the film is provided with markings being disposed outside of the sound track and characterizing the type of film that is appended to the leader. The markings are optically and/or magnetically readable by a pickup device that may be shared with the sound reproduction. The markings as read are counted or assembled and decoded for controlling the operating conditions of the projector concerning, for example, the picture frame rate, the type of sound track, and similar projector conditions. Such markings can also be used on the film proper to change the operating state of the projector automatically during projection.

Abstract: Electronic circuitry for setting or controlling either one of two exposure value factors of a photographic camera, namely, the exposure time (shutter speed) and the diaphragm aperture. The circuitry includes a comparator which receives an input responsive to the film sensitivity, the brightness of the subject, and the preset selected value of the one of the two exposure factors which is to be set manually rather than automatically. The comparator is connected to a flip-flop, a counter, and a decoder in such a way as to provide a signal which can control or operate either a photographic shutter mechanism or a diaphragm aperture mechanism, and the signal also controls the lighting of luminous diodes to give a visual indication of the exposure factor value which has been determined by the circuit as the proper value for an optimum exposure. There is also provision for storing the determined exposure value for later use.

Abstract: A focal plane shutter for a photographic camera has a brake system for braking the movement of shutter elements just before they reach their end or stop positions. At least one first brake element has a nearly constant braking torque, and at least one second brake element has a braking torque that increases over the distance of the braking movement. The constant and the increasing braking torques of the first and second braking elements are combined and applied to moving elements of the shutter, and both the constant and the increasing braking torques of the first and second brake elements are independently adjustable and settable.

Abstract: A photographic camera in which a manually operable shutter tensioning member normally serves, through gearing, to advance the film simultaneously with tensioning or cocking the shutter. A manually operable control member has three positions. In its central position, the gearing meshes in normal operative condition so that the movement of the shutter tensioning member drives both the film metering sprocket and the film take-up spool, so as to feed the film ready for the next exposure. In one extreme position of the control member, the gearing is disconnected so that the shutter tensioning member can be moved to tension the shutter without driving either the film measuring sprocket or the film take-up spool, and at the same time the part of the gearing connected to the take-up spool is frictonally locked to prevent accidental undesired movement of the take-up spool.

Abstract: A magazine-type slide projector has a single slide projection accessory that is removably placeable across the magazine track. The accessory has a slide compartment positioned on the slide changing plane, and the compartment has an open top edge and an open side edge facing the slide projection position. The accessory allows manual insertion and removal of single slides through the top opening of the compartment for movement of the slides into and out of the slide projection position by the slide changing device. The projector also preferably has a storage compartment where the accessory can be conveniently stored when not in use.

Abstract: A two-part circular magazine having an inner rotor with slide storing compartments and an outer stator enclosing the rotor is arranged to mount and operate in the magazine guide of a linear magazine slide projector. The stator has a tangential groove opening to the rotor in the region of a radial slot for transverse passage of a slide from the magazine, and the groove has side walls that fit opposite sides of a slide lifting ramp in the bottom of the magazine guide. The rotor exterior is positioned directly over the top of the lifting ramp when the magazine is mounted in the projector, and the stator has an inclined surface ascending from below the top of the lifting ramp upward to the level of the interior of the rotor in the region of the slot. The stator also has abutment surfaces that engage parts of the magazine guide to position and maintain the magazine accurately in place.

Abstract: A thin metallic blade or leaf of a photographic shutter, especially a shutter of the slit or focal plane type, is riveted to a trunnion which fits snugly but rotatably in an opening in a mounting plate. The trunnion has a circumferential groove intermediate its length, and the end of the trunnion remote from the shutter blade is of truncated conical shape. On the rear side of the mounting plate (the side remote from the shutter blade) there is a longitudinal groove extending tangent to the trunnion. A retaining wire in the longitudinal groove engages the circumferential groove in the trunnion, to retain the trunnion against being pulled axially out of its bearing opening in the mounting plate. In one form of the invention, the longitudinal groove for receiving the retaining wire is approximately twice the width of the retaining wire, and the wire is resilient and is held, at a distance from the trunnion, against the side of the wire groove which is toward the trunnion.

Abstract: In a light-generating electronic flashlight which has a reflector and first and second discs which may be selectively placed ahead of the reflector for normal and wide-angled illumination of an object to be photographed, respectively, the improvement includes third and fourth discs which may be placed ahead of the reflector. Each of the third and fourth discs have parallel prismatic elements for unilateral deflection of the light generated by the flashlight for the third and fourth discs to displace the flashlight-generated light upwardly and laterally, when the third and fourth discs are placed ahead of the reflector, respectively, and upon the flashlight being in an upright position and directed towards the object to be photographed.

Abstract: Electronic means for controlling the aperture of an electromagnetically operated diaphragm of a photographic camera, especially a single lens mirror reflex camera. The diaphragm aperture is set by a pot-shaped electromagnet. The coil of the electromagnet is supplied with current by an electronic circuit which responds to light falling on a photoelectric converter placed behind the diaphragm, which compares the value of this response to a nominal value resulting from a shutter speed setting and a film speed or sensivity setting, and transmits current in a rapid series of pulses to the coil of the magnet which operates the diaphragm. The pulsing nature of the current applied to the electromagnet tends to cause a slight vibration in the mechanical parts of the diaphragm mechanism, and this vibration helps to overcome the static friction of the moving parts of the diaphragm mechanism, facilitating the setting of the diaphragm to the exact value desired.

Abstract: A camera having means for manually preselecting the value of one of the two main exposure factors (shutter speed and diaphragm aperture) and means for automatically setting the other of these two exposure factors, in response to prevailing light conditions. If the available range of the automatically set factor is not sufficient to provide an acceptable exposure value in view of prevailing light conditions, then the automatic mechanism moves the previously selected or preset exposure factor to a value which will give an acceptable exposure value. Relatively simple and inexpensive circuitry is provided to accomplish this, and to enable the exposure values to be set entirely manually rather than automatically, if desired.

Abstract: The grip part proper is angularly adjustably connected to a head carrying the camera whereby the grip axis and the axis of rotation are inclined to each other and the latter is inclined to the center axis of the head. The correspondingly oblique interface is additionally used to hold an adjustable ring carrying a camera release switch.

Abstract: A device for displacing a body along a guiding column which is particularly suitable for the projection head of an enlarging or reproducing apparatus. The device comprises in a conventional manner a guiding column and, on the body, a friction wheel which presses against the column and which is disposed on a shaft. The shaft of the friction wheel is mounted in the sleeve-like body which surrounds the column except in the vicinity of the friction wheel. The friction wheel is sub-divided into two wheel portions and means are provided for exerting a force upon the wheel portions along the axis of the friction wheel. These means act upon a guiding surface of the column disposed at an angle of up to 90.degree. with respect to the friction wheel axis.

Abstract: An interchangeable objective for a camera to provide diaphragm control. The objective has an objective tube and a lens mounting axially movable in the tube. A bayonet ring is provided for connecting the objective tube to a camera. Further means are provided for axially moving said objective tube within the bayonet ring to bring said tube into and out of the camera housing and for engaging said tube into the bayonet ring in the position ready for exposure. A diaphragm adjustment ring is rotatably mounted on the bayonet ring, and a diaphragm control ring rotatably disposed on the lens mounting transmits the adjustment of the adjustment ring upon the diaphragm. A coupling element on the adjustment ring is disengageable from and capable of being engaged into the diaphragm control ring.

Abstract: A motion picture projector having a housing or casing having one narrow side and one wide side, substantially perpendicular to each other. The film spools are arranged on the wide side. In a first projection position, the housing is arranged upright, resting on its narrow side, with the wide side approximately vertical. To enable projection to take place also when the projector is laid on a wide side, rather than standing upright, a first mirror is swung into position across the beam of projected light rays, and projects the rays upwardly to a second mirror arranged at an opening in the wide side of the housing. A control knob moves both mirrors simultaneously to effective projecting position, and also serves to adjust the exact inclination of the second mirror so as to vary the height of the projected image on the viewing screen at some distance from the projector.

Abstract: An electronic flash unit for photographic purposes, with improved means for quenching the flash when sufficient light has been emitted from the flash tube. The discharge circuit of the main storage capacitor comprises the flash tube and a switch thyristor in series with each other. A quench circuit including a quenching capacitor and a quenching thyristor will deliver a quenching current to the switch thyristor when the quenching thyristor is triggered by exposure metering and flash limiting mechanism, this mechanism including a resistor, a phototransistor, and an integrating capacitor in series with each other and in parallel with a feed capacitor which supplies feed current to the exposure metering and flash limiting mechanism, and which is in parallel with the switch thyristor.

Abstract: A dual or twin projector arranged to take picture slides from a single magazine located between the two projectors, and to return the slides to the same magazine after projection, in proper order ready for another projection operation. The planes of the picture gates of the two projectors are slightly staggered or offset from each other in the direction of the optical axis, preferably by a distance equal to the spacing of the slides in the magazine, so that, for certain types of operation, one slide may be fed from the magazine to one projector simultaneously with the feeding of the next slide from the magazine to the other projector.

Abstract: A motion picture camera wherein a part of the light entering the camera lens from the subject being photographed is reflected by a reflector on the shutter to a light sensitive element of exposure metering means. In order to insure that, for a given degree of brightness of the scene, the same quantity of light reaches the sensitive element regardless of whether the shutter is in motion or is stationary, an adjustable reflector is interposed between the shutter and the light sensitive element. This adjustable reflector is shifted from one position to another position by operation of the camera release member. A bendable ear is provided for calibration purposes.