Abstract: The present invention relates to a viral vector capable of the transfer and in vivo expression of growth-associated protein (B-50/GAP-43) in neuronal target cells of a mammalian host. The viral vector contains a recombinant DNA molecule comprising a B-50/GAP-43 gene operably associated with a promoter, which promoter controls short term, high level expression of the B-50/GAP-43 gene. Preferably, the viral vector is a defective viral vector, in particular a defective herpes virus or an adeno-associated virus. In a specific embodiment, defective herpesvirus, adenovirus, and adeno-associated virus viral vectors containing the rat B-50/GAP-43 gene under control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter have been prepared. The invention further provides a method for treating nerve damage in a subject. The method comprises introducing a vector comprising a B-50/GAP-43 gene operably associated with a promoter into a damaged nerve tissue of a subject.