Abstract: A probe for measuring plasma parameters by means of active plasma resonance spectroscopy comprises an external coupling, a balun, an internal coupling, and a probe head. It is provided that the couplings, the balun, and the probe head are integrated in an electrically-insulating substrate cylinder, and the substrate cylinder has a layered structure made from multiple substrate layers along its rotational axis. In this way, a probe for measuring plasma parameters is provided which enables an improved measurement of the plasma parameters, wherein the plasma is influenced as little as possible during the measurement of the plasma parameters.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the two-position control of an actuator (1) on the basis of a binary sensor signal (y) of a sensor unit (2), which senses a process variable (P), which can be influenced by the actuator (1), in such a way that the sensor unit outputs a first sensor signal value (y1) when a first switching value (Sw1) is exceeded and a second sensor signal value (y0) when a second switching value (Sw1, Sw2) is fallen below, wherein: the actuator (1) is controlled with a manipulated variable (u), which assumes either a first control value (u1) or a second control value (u2); the first control value (u1) and the second control value (u2) are dynamically adapted during the operation of the actuator (1), in dependence on a fall time (t_fall) corresponding to the duration of the first sensor signal value (y1) and a rise time (t_rise) corresponding to the duration of the second sensor signal value (y0), in such a way that the first and second control values converge.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound reducing microtubule detyrosination in axonal tips selected from the group consisting of tubulin carboxypeptidase inhibitors and tubulin tyrosine ligase activators and combinations thereof for use in the treatment of axonal damage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to L-arabino-oligosaccharides, in particular synthetically produced L-arabino-oligosaccharides and their uses for the prophylaxis of allergic reactions in mammals.

Abstract: Beginning on a starting area on a surface of a digital model, a layered subdivision of the model takes place to produce a three-dimensional object. Positioning of the layers on the starting area is based on calculation of a distance field, which assigns to each point of the model volume a shortest distance within the volume to the nearest starting area. For each discrete point of a layer defined by a distance field an orientation of a processing head is determined. The surface normal of the layer is calculated or gradient vectors of the distance field are calculated, which show a direction of the steepest rise in distances for the discrete point. Shape and distribution of layers conform to the shape of the digital model. The sequence for the adaptive construction results from the assignment of the layers to distance values, beginning with a lowest distance value in ascending order.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition which includes naturally occurring, non-transgenic isolated bacteria from the group of Lactococcus and Acinetobacter or fragments thereof or mixtures thereof, to such a bacterium as a medicament for the prevention and/or treatment of allergic or chronic inflammatory disorders and to a process for producing this composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and method for measuring the density of a plasma by determining an impulse response to a high-frequency signal coupled into a plasma. The density, electron temperature and/or collision frequency as a function of the impulse response can be determined. A probe having a probe head and a probe shaft can be introduced into the plasma, wherein the probe shaft is connected to a signal generator for electrically coupling a high-frequency signal into the probe head. The probe core is enclosed by the jacket and has at its surface mutually insulated electrode areas of opposite polarity. A balun is arranged at the transition between the probe head and an electrically unbalanced high-frequency signal feed to convert electrically unbalanced signals into balanced signals.

Abstract: A method of establishing a DC bias in front of at least one electrode in a plasma operating apparatus by applying an RF voltage with at least two harmonic frequency components with a controlled relative phase between the components, where at least one of the higher frequency components is established as an even multiple of the lower frequency component.

Abstract: A method of establishing a DC bias in front of at least one electrode in a plasma operating apparatus by applying an RF voltage with at least two harmonic frequency components with a controlled relative phase between the components, where at least one of the higher frequency components is established as an even multiple of the lower frequency component.

Abstract: A method of establishing a DC bias in front of at least one electrode in a plasma operating apparatus by applying an RF voltage with at least two harmonic frequency components with a controlled relative phase between the components, where at least one of the higher frequency components is established as an even multiple of the lower frequency component.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and method for measuring the density of a plasma by determining an impulse response to a high-frequency signal coupled into a plasma. The density, electron temperature and/or collision frequency as a function of the impulse response can be determined. A probe having a probe head and a probe shaft can be introduced into the plasma, wherein the probe shaft is connected to a signal generator for electrically coupling a high-frequency signal into the probe head. The probe core is enclosed by the jacket and has at its surface mutually insulated electrode areas of opposite polarity. A balun is arranged at the transition between the probe head and an electrically unbalanced high-frequency signal feed to convert electrically unbalanced signals into balanced signals.

Abstract: Method and device for the plasma treatment of a substrate in a plasma device, wherein—the substrate (110) is arranged between an electrode (112) and a counter-electrode (108) having a distance d between a surface area of the substrate to be treated and the electrode, —a capacitively coupled plasma discharge is excited, forming a DC self-bias between the electrode (112) and the counter-electrode (108), —in an area of the plasma discharge between the surface area to be treated and the electrode having a quasineutral plasma bulk (114), a quantity of at least one activatable gas species, to which a surface area of the substrate to be treated is subjected, is present —it is provided that a plasma discharge is excited, —wherein the distance d has a value comparable to s=se+sg, where se denotes a thickness of a plasma boundary layer (119) in front of the electrode, and sg denotes a thickness of a plasma boundary layer (118) in front of the substrate surface to be treated or —wherein the quasineutral plasma bulk (114

Abstract: A method of establishing a DC bias in front of at least one electrode in a plasma operating apparatus by applying an RF voltage with at least two harmonic frequency components with a controlled relative phase between the components, where at least one of the higher frequency components is established as an even multiple of the lower frequency component.

Abstract: A smoothing method for suppressing fluctuating artifacts in the reduction of interference noise includes the following steps: providing short-term spectra for a sequence of signal frames, transforming each short-term spectrum by way of a forward transformation which describes the short-term spectrum using transformation coefficients that represent the short-term spectrum subdivided into its coarse and fine structures; smoothing the transformation coefficients with the respective same coefficient indices by combining at least two successive transformed short-term spectra; and transforming the smoothed transformation coefficients into smoothed short-term spectra by way of a backward transformation.

Abstract: An engagement detection circuit for a clock recovery circuit consisting of a phase detector (3), a counter element (6) and a flip-flop (8). By employing a low-pass element (12) and a trigger element (13) connected downstream, a preliminary and a final engagement of a phase control circuit can be detected with the engagement detection circuit. This provides a clock recovery circuit for controlling a phase control loop with a phase detector (20), a loop filter (21), a voltage-controlled oscillator (22) and a controllable frequency divider (23).

Abstract: In order to produce a vertical MOS transistor with optimized gate overlap capacitances, a mesa structure is formed with an upper source/drain region, a channel region and a lower source/drain region. With the aid of chemical/mechanical polishing, an insulation structure is formed which essentially covers the side walls of the lower source/drain region. A gate dielectric and a gate electrode, whose height is essentially equal to the height of the channel region, are formed on the side walls of the channel region.