Abstract: An improvement in a process for the preparation of an ethylene homopolymer or a copolymer of ethylene with an .alpha.-olefin containing 3 to 15 carbon atoms by contacting the monomer or mixture of monomers in solution, suspension or in gas phase at 20.degree. to 250.degree. C. at a pressure of 1 to 50 bar with a mixed catalyst comprising a chlorine containing titanium (III) compound and an organoaluminum compound in the presence of hydrogen, the improvement residing in employing as the organoaluminum compound a trialkylaluminum compound in an amount of 0.1 to 20 mol per mol titanium (III) compound and including in the polymerization mixture oxygen at a concentration of 0.001 to 0.1 volume percent based upon the amount of ethylene. By carrying out the polymerization by including oxygen in the polymerization reaction mixture and employing trialkylaluminum compound as the organoaluminum compound the mean molecular weight of the polymer can be regulated while obtaining a desired molecular weight distribution.

Abstract: There is disclosed a pile-driver comprising a cylinder and a piston, the piston being in registry with a cap disposed over an article to be driven. The cap has a lining in striking relationship with the piston, which lining comprises a thermoplastic and a metal powder.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2-methylene aldehydes is disclosed wherein formaldehyde is reacted with an aldehyde of the general formula R--CH.sub.2 CHO, where R stands for a substituted or unsubstituted organic radical having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms. The reaction takes place in the presence of a mixture of a secondary amine and an organic carboxylic acid having up to 5 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing aldehyde by hydroformylation of olefins, in which the olefins together with carbon monoxide, hydrogen and paraffins are introduced into a solution of rhodium carbonyl-triphenylphosphine complexes as catalyst and phosphines as solvent, the improvement wherein the gas stream entering the catalyst solution contains 5 to 30% by volume of paraffins with 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process for preparing methacrolein by catalytic reaction of propionaldehyde with formaldehyde is disclosed wherein the catalyst comprises a mixture of secondary amine and organic carboxylic acid with up to 8 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A phenol/formaldehyde condensation product of a 4,4'-thio-bis-(dialkylphenol) and formaldehyde having a molecular weight of 1,000 to 4,000; a process for preparing such a condensation product by contacting 4,4'-thio-bis-(dialkylphenol) and a source of formaldehyde in the presence of a protonic acid catalyst; and the use of such a condensation product as an antioxidant in an olefin polymer or copolymer composition.

Abstract: A process for removing organic components from the waste water effluent obtained in the production of an ester plasticizer through esterification of a polybasic aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid with an aliphatic alcohol in the presence of a sulfuric acid catalyst, which waste water contains an alkyl hydrogen sulfate or a dialkyl sulfate, esterification reactants and esterification products, which comprises:A. heating said waste water to a temperature above 200.degree. C under the particular prevailing pressure; andB. thereafter thermally or mechanically removing an organic phase from an aqueous phase.

Abstract: Alcohols are recovered from the ester-containing by-product from an oxo-synthesis, especially from the hydroformylation of propylene, by hydrolytically converting said by-product in the presence of water and a high surface area solid, such as an alumina at 250.degree. to 350.degree.C, and separating the alcohol from the material so converted. The converted product is preferably first hydrogenated prior to recovering the alcohol.