Abstract: Binders are described based on acid curing phenol resins and acid curing agents which, after mixing, have an extended processability time but nevertheless exhibit a rapid curing time at relatively low temperatures. They are obtained by using, as the resin, aqueous phenol resols and, as the curing agent, either copper, aluminum, or iron(III) salts of aromatic sulfonic acids or addition products of hydroxy-containing, water-compatible polyols with aromatic sulfonic acids or mixtures of these salts and the polyol addition products. The binders are used for impregnation of fabrics, for production of abrasives and for fiber reinforced plastics.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of 4-halogenonaphthalic acid anhydrides by halogenation of an aqueous solution of an alkali salt of the naphthalic acid with halogen or alkali metal hypohalogenite wherein a solution of the alkali metal salt of the naphthalic acid is treated with a water soluble magnesium salt and at least an equal molar amount of an alkakli metal hydroxide, halogenating this reaction mixture at a temperature in the range of 10.degree. to 25.degree. C. and subsequently acidifying the reaction mixture. In a second embodiment of the invention, an aqueous solution of alkali metal carbonate is used in place of the magnesium salt and alkali metal hydroxide.

Abstract: Heavy oil derived from coal is diluted with organic solvent to a content of less than 10 weight percent of toluene-insoluble material. The mixture is then mixed with a non-aromatic solvent in a ratio of 1:3 to 5:1. With slow stirring of the heavy phase at a temperature of between 50.degree. and 200.degree. C., this mixture is separated into a pumpable TI-poor and a pumpable TI-rich fraction under the action of gravity, with a settling-surface load of up to 1 metric ton/m.sup.2 hour. No .beta.-resins are precipitated from these fluid fractions. No tacky, rubber-like sediment is formed from the TI-rich fraction. The fractions are distillatively separated from the solvents, which can be reused. The TI-poor fraction can be used, for example, as a carbon-black oil component or can be processed further to an impregnating agent for carbon shapes. Binders for carbon shapes or cokes are obtained from the TI-rich fraction.

Abstract: Novel hardener compositions for epoxy resins comprising (a) 65 to 95% by weight of an adduct containing free amino groups of 35 to 94% by weight of at least one member of the group consisting of polyamines, polyaminoimidazolines and polyaminoamides and 5 to 30% by weight of at least one glycidyl compound, based on the total hardener composition weight, (b) 0.1 to 5% by weight at least one aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid and (c) 0.9 to 30% by weight of a phenol-modified aromatic hydrocarbon resin with a hydroxyl content of 0.9 to 6% and their preparation, water-emulsifable epoxy compositions containing said hardener compositions, aqueous emulsions of said epoxy resins, water compositions containing said aqueous epoxy emulsions and their uses.

Abstract: Storage stable, heat curable mixtures obtained from epoxy resins as a binder system containing latent hardening agents as well as fillers and additive materials which have outstanding mechanical and electrical properties and which are obtained as epoxy resin components of an adduct of a high molecular solid epoxy resin and 4,4'-diaminodiarylalkane in a molecular ratio of 1:0.01 to 0.05. The preferred economical curing agent is a phenol formaldehyde condensation product.

Abstract: New 2-aminonitropyridine derivatives are disclosed of the formula: ##STR1## wherein the nitro group is in the 3- or 5-position and X represents hydrogen, an alkoxy group with 1 to 3 C atoms or an unsubstituted or alkyl- or hydroxyalkyl substituted amino group, the alkyl portion of which has 1 to 3 C atomsR.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be the same or different and represent hydrogen, divalent alkyl- with 1 to 3 C atoms, divalent cyclopropyl- or divalent alkenyl with 1 to 3 C atoms, phenylene- or divalent pyrrol andY and Z may be the same or different and represent hydrogen, hydroxyl- or amino group of the formula II: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 may be the same or different and represent hydrogen, an unsubstituted alkyl or alkyl with 1 to 3 C atoms, substituted at any position by hydroxy or amino with 1 to 3 C atoms, with the proviso that whenever X represents hydrogen, then R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 cannot both be hydrogen, and R.sub.1 is not hydrogen, R.sub.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of fluorene-9-carboxylic acid comprising reacting fluorene and a dialkyl carbonate with alkyls of 1 to 5 carbon atoms in the presence of a member of the group consisting of alkali metal hydrides or potassium alcoholate of an aliphatic alcohol of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, neutralizing the mixture and saponifying the resulting fluorene-9-carboxylic acid ester to obtain fluorene-9-carboxylic acid in good yields.

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of quinolinic acid comprising reacting quinoline in an aqueous acid with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of at least one cation selected from the group consisting of vanadyl V, cobalt III, titanyl IV and osmium VIII cations at 50.degree. to 100.degree. C. and then oxidizing with chlorite or chlorate ions to form quinolinic acid.

Abstract: The compound 3,5,6-trichloro-1H-pyridine-2-on can be produced in technical quantities by passing chlorine gas into the gas space above a solution of 6-chloro-1H-pyridine-2-on in an aqueous carboxylic acid solution and maintaining the reaction temperature between 15.degree. and 30.degree. C. This method permits the production of 3,5,6-trichloro-1H-pyridine-2-on in a one-step process from 2-chloro-6-methoxypyridine.

Abstract: Aromatic hydrocarbon resins are disclosed prepared from aromatic, unsaturated hydrocarbons and a melted aromatic carboxylic acid polymerized in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst. The resin may be used in printing inks, for paper sizing, for coatings and other applications where natural resins have been used.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of molded carbon bodies directly from high-boiling aromatic hydrocarbon fractions derived from coal or mineral oil, without additional binding agents and without using high pressures, is disclosed. Molds are filled with the starting material, distillation residues from the working-up of coal tar or pyrolysis products, these residues having a softening point (KS) in excess of 40.degree. C. and a quinoline-insoluble content (QI)<1.0%, and being in the liquid state, or in the solid state, and are heated, in the first step up to 550.degree. C., the residues being converted into "green" coke. In the second step, the coke is heated up to at least 800.degree. C. at a heating rate, depending on the diameter d (m), of 1.2.times.1/d.sup.2 K/day. The molded bodies can be impregnated and graphitized. They are distinguished by high electrical conductivity, low thermal expansion, and high strength in the axial direction.

Abstract: A novel simple process for the preparation of 2-halo-3-nitro-6-alkoxy-pyridines having 1 to 6 alkoxy carbon atoms of high purity comprising adding 2-halo-6-alkoxy-pyridine in portions at 0.degree. to 40.degree. C. to a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid to obtain impure 2-halo-3-nitro-6-alkoxy-pyridine, treating the latter with a solution of an alkaline reacting compound in a protic solvent and recovering the said pyridine in substantially pure form which are important intermediates for analgesics.

Abstract: The catalytic dehydrogenation of piperidine to pyridine in the gas phase using hydrogen as the carrier gas is carried out with a silicon dioxide carrier activated with copper, nickel and chromium as the catalyst, the metals copper, nickel and chromium being present in an amount of 5-12:1-5:0.1-<0.7 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of catalyst. The optimum hydrogen/piperidine molar ratio is 5:1, and purified and dried conversion gas from the dehydrogenation reaction is preferably recycled and used as the hydrogen.

Abstract: Improvement of the yield and purity of phenanthrenequinone during its production by oxidation of phenanthrene by means of chromic acid in a sulfuric acidic medium is achieved by preparing a dispersion made up of phenanthrene, alkali dichromate and water at 95.degree.-100.degree. C., cooling said dispersion down to 80.degree.-85.degree. C. and carrying out the oxidation reaction under cooling and portion-wise addition of concentrated sulfuric acid in a temperature range between 80.degree. and 85.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of esters of 1H-pyrrol-2-acetic acids of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and aralkyl of 1 to 4 alkyl carbon atoms comprising reacting a compound of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of --CN and ##STR3## in an aqueous media with a saponification base wherein the saponification base is added gradually to the 1H-pyrrol-2-acetonitrile and/or 1H-pyrrol-2-acetamide to selectively saponify the same to obtain a substantially isomer-free salt of 1H-pyrrol-2-acetic acid, adding alkali metal bicarbonate to the solution to keep the pH of solution at about 10.2 to 10.

Abstract: In the oxidation of reactive aromatics with molecular oxygen in carboxylic acid solution in the presence of a catalyst consisting of a cobalt compound and possibly with addition of a manganese and a bromine compound suitable as Co-catalyst, an inactivation of the catalyst system readily occurs. This is prevented in that after each reaction cycle the catalyst is reactivated by treatment with a strong oxidant and the water formed in the reaction is removed by distillation.

Abstract: An anticorrosion perforated foil for fusion onto metal substrates comprising 60 to 90% by weight of bitumen, 0.5 to 7% by weight of styrene-butadiene rubber, 5 to 25% by weight of a bitumen modified with polymers, 0.5 to 7.5% by weight of natural resin and 0.5 to 10% by weight of organic and/or inorganic fibers stable at above 160.degree. C. and its preparation and a method of protecting metal elements from corrosion.

Abstract: Phenolic-modified hydrocarbon polymers with a high OH-number yet with excellent compatibility with non-polar solvents are suitable for preparing adhesives and coating materials. The polymers are obtained by isothermal, catalytic copolymerization of:30-40% by weight phenolic compounds,65-30% by weight aromatic, unsaturated hydrocarbons, and5-30% by weight isobutene.

Abstract: Disclosed is a continuous or discontinuous process for coking high-boiling aromatic hydrocarbons to form high grade carbon products having only a narrow range of variation of physical and chemical properties. High-boiling aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures are coked in thin layers according to a defined temperature/time program, and the functional relationship between layer thickness and optimum coking time, which applies to that program for the particular hydrocarbon mixture used, is determined by means of a simple preliminary experiment. A small quantity of the hydrocarbon mixture used is coked on a microscope hot stage under standardized conditions to determine the minimum coking temperature, the time to the final coking temperature and the dependence of coking time on the layer thickness.

Abstract: A process is described for bringing ground coal or similar carbon-containing raw materials into solution with aromatic solvents under elevated pressure and at elevated temperature. The solvents used are high-aromatic residues obtained from the pyrolysis of petroleum fractions, having an average boiling point of above 380.degree. C., and/or high-aromatic distillates from the pressure/heat treatment of coal tar pitch, having an average boiling point of above 380.degree. C., as well as from 5 to 30% of aromatic products or mixtures of aromatic products, having a boiling point of below 250.degree. C.