Abstract: A device for determining a posture pattern of an animal comprises a housing configured and adapted to be attached to a part of the animal; the housing comprises a posture sensor operative to sense an orientation of the part of the animal indicating the posture of the animal; and an interface unit operative to output the orientation information.

Abstract: A method for on-line channeling of milk based on predicted coagulation properties where the method comprises sampling raw milk from a milk line between a milking station and a collection point, performing spectral analysis of one or more of optical transmission, optical reflectance, scatter and fluorescence on the raw milk sample, predicting at least one coagulation parameter on-line based on the spectral analysis, and channeling milk from the milking station on-line to one of a plurality of destinations based on the at least one coagulation parameter.

Abstract: A method and a system for predicting a calving date of an animal comprises monitoring a behavioral pattern of an animal, determining a given change in the behavioral pattern, and predicting the calving date responsive to the given change in the behavioral pattern.

Abstract: A spectrometric sensor for measuring a spectra value of a flowing fluid. The spectrometric sensor comprises a light source for emitting a first light flux toward a sample of the flowing fluid, a light detector for measuring a first intensity of a reflection of the first light flux from the flowing fluid and a second intensity of a second light flux received via the flowing fluid, and a control unit configured for generating at least one spectra value according to at least one of the first and second intensities.

Abstract: A method and a system for measuring animal's height is disclosed. The method, and the system as well, is comprised of the following steps: allowing the animal to pass through a passage with measurement-references; capturing plurality of images of the animal while the animal is passing; on each image of the captured images applying the following steps: filtering the background from the image; applying imaging-process technique on the lower area of the measuring-image to recognize the location of the legs; defining a vertical slice of the measuring-image, in which the back's contour of the animal—from neck to tail—appears and applying imaging processing and mathematical calculations to obtain the real height, as defined, of the animal.

Abstract: A method for on-line channeling of milk based on predicted coagulation properties where the method comprises sampling raw milk from a milk line between a milking station and a collection point, performing spectral analysis of one or more of optical transmission, optical reflectance, scatter and fluorescence on the raw milk sample, predicting at least one coagulation parameter on-line based on the spectral analysis, and channeling milk from the milking station on-line to one of a plurality of destinations based on the at least one coagulation parameter.

Abstract: A device for determining a posture pattern of an animal comprises a housing configured and adapted to be attached to a part of the animal; the housing comprises a posture sensor operative to sense an orientation of the part of the animal indicating the posture of the animal; and an interface unit operative to output the orientation information.

Abstract: A method and a system for locating objects in a defined area, such as for locating animals in a pen, wherein each segment of the defined area is projected by a narrow angle projection; and the projection is modulated, the modulation including the location of the segment being projected. A self-location-unit is attached to each object for receiving the projection, decoding the modulation having the self-location segment, and transmitting the self-location. A receiver receives each transmission from each self-location-unit, and stores each object's location segment. The system has at least one projector which periodically scans at least part of the defined area, and produces the narrow angle projection that is modulated with information about the location that is being projected. At least one stationary unit receives the self-location information from each object's self-location-unit and displays and/or stores the received locations.

Abstract: An NIR spectroscopy fluid analyzing system using a series of LED's, each having its own preselected center wavelength, as illumination sources. These wavelengths have overlapping spectral widths, such that the measurement covers a broad spectrum. The LED's illuminate the fluid sample sequentially, and subsequently the transmission absorbance through the sample and the reflectance or scattering from the sample is measured for the wavelength range of each LED. The measurements are performed using photodetectors. The concentrations of component parts of the fluid are expressed in the form of a polynomial, which is a function of the measured transmitted and/or reflected intensities, and of empirical coefficients, which are extracted by prior statistical analysis on measured intensities obtained from a large number of test samples having known concentrations of the component. A novel sample chamber, capable of performing optical absorption measurements on a flowing sample of fluid, is described.

Abstract: A medical analysis system for measuring properties and constituents of urine. The system includes a toilet unit mountable on a toilet bowl, readily attachable and detachable therefrom. The toilet unit includes a collection and sampling sub-unit for collecting and measuring the characteristics of urine and an electronics sub-unit for data collection and processing of the measured characteristics. The toilet unit also includes a communications link for data transfer between the collection and sampling and electronics sub-units. It also includes a means for removably fastening the collection and sampling sub-unit inside a toilet bowl, permitting ready attachment and removal of the toilet unit from a toilet bowl as desired. A wall unit, having a communications link for data transfer between the wall and toilet units, also includes means for storing and further processing the data for determining if changes have occurred in the measured characteristics of urine over time.

Abstract: A system for identifying a ruminant, which is being milked. The system includes a transmitter attached to a hind leg of the ruminant and the transmitter transmits a predefined signal, which identifies the ruminant to which the transmitter is attached. The system includes at least one teat cup on which is attached an antenna to receive the signal with which to identify the animal. The teat cup is positionable on the ruminant's teat. A method for using the system is taught as is a teat cup having an antenna fixed thereon.

Abstract: An NIR spectroscopy fluid analyzing system using a series of LED's, each having its own preselected center wavelength, as illumination sources. These wavelengths have overlapping spectral widths, such that the measurement covers a broad spectrum. The LED's illuminate the fluid sample sequentially, and subsequently the transmission absorbance through the sample and the reflectance or scattering from the sample is measured for the wavelength range of each LED. The measurements are performed using photodetectors. The concentrations of component parts of the fluid are expressed in the form of a polynomial, which is a function of the measured transmitted and/or reflected intensities, and of empirical coefficients, which are extracted by prior statistical analysis on measured intensities obtained from a large number of test samples having known concentrations of the component. A novel sample chamber, capable of performing optical absorption measurements on a flowing sample of fluid, is described.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring a liquid's flow rate which includes a housing, a set of electrical sensors and a processing apparatus. The housing includes a separation wall which divides the housing into measurement and discharge chambers and contains a slot which allows the liquid to freely flow from the measurement chamber into the discharge chamber. The sensor apparatus includes a reference sensor and a common sensor positioned proximate to the floor, and a set of measurement sensors positioned within the measurement chamber. The measurement sensors are spaced apart in a generally vertical stepped continuum stretching from the floor to a height substantially equal to the top of the separation wall. A processing apparatus processes the data according to a preprogrammed process. Processing includes measuring an electrical parameter of the liquid proximate to the floor of the apparatus and at various levels of the liquid and normalizing the results.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring a liquid's flow rate which includes a housing, a set of electrical sensors and a processing apparatus. The housing includes a separation wall which divides the housing into measurement and discharge chambers and contains a slot which allows the liquid to freely flow from the measurement chamber into the discharge chamber. The sensor apparatus includes a reference sensor and a common sensor positioned proximate to the floor, and a set of measurement sensors positioned within the measurement chamber. The measurement sensors are spaced apart in a generally vertical stepped continuum stretching from the floor to a height substantially equal to the top of the separation wall. A processing apparatus processes the data according to a preprogrammed process. Processing includes measuring an electrical parameter of the liquid proximate to the floor of the apparatus and at various levels of the liquid and normalizing the results.

Abstract: A system for marking a cow with a visible marking indicative of a treatment to be carried out on the cow, comprising an identification tag located on the cow and bearing a unique identity code for remotely identifying the cow, and a database containing for each cow in a herd a corresponding identity code and a treatment code relating to a treatment to be carried out on the cow. The cow passes through a paint spray station en route between a milking parlor and corral and is interrogated for determining in respect of each cow its corresponding unique identity code, and the database is accessed so as to extract therefrom the corresponding treatment code. The paint spray station is coupled to the database access means and includes a plurality of different colored spray guns which are responsive to the treatment code for marking on the cow a visible marking uniquely identifying the treatment code.

Abstract: Auxiliary drive apparatus including a wheel having an axis of rotation, and first and second wheel engagement elements arranged for driving engagement with the wheel, at least one of the wheel engagement elements being coupled to a motor, for being driven thereby, the first and second of wheel engagement elements being arranged for rotation about respective first and second engagement element rotation axes, the first and second wheel engagement elements being mounted such that the effective traction of the engagement thereof with the wheel increases automatically with increased resistance to rotation of the wheel and decreases automatically with decreased resistance to rotation of the wheel, and wherein a mounting of the first and second wheel engagement elements is such that a separation between the first and second wheel engagement element rotation axes, the separation lying parallel to the axis of rotation of the wheel, is variable.

Abstract: A method for investigating an electrical conductivity of milk from an individual cow, comprising the steps of measuring at least one electrical conductivity of at least one daily milking on each of a plurality of successive days and storing the respective electrical conductivities or computed functions thereof. An average value of the electrical conductivities or of functions thereof is then computed and stored for the preceding x days but excluding the previous y days where y<x, and at least once each day any deviation between the electrical conductivity or function thereof and the average stored value is determined. The deviation is stored and/or displayed and serves as an indication of the onset of mastitis. A system for carrying out the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A milking system includes at least one milking cluster arranged for engagement with a cow's udder during milking, a milk collection conduit, and a backflush fluid conduit. There is provided a disinfecting arrangement including a milking valve assembly which is operative selectively to couple the milking cluster either to the milk collection conduit or to the backflush fluid conduit. The disinfecting arrangement also includes a connection pipe interconnecting the backflush fluid conduit and the milking valve assembly and apparatus for supplying a disinfectant to the backflush fluid at a location along the connection pipe adjacent each milking cluster.