Abstract: In a LOCOS process, depressions are formed in a semiconductor body, and are filled by means of oxidation. The bottom and side walls of the depressions are coated with a double layer including an oxide and an oxidation-resistant material. This double layer is removed from the bottom of the depression and under-etching below the sidewalls under the oxidation-resistant layer is carried out to form cavities. As a result the remaining portions of the oxidation-resistant material are lifted along the surfaces of the side walls. With oblique walls for the depression, a high accuracy as to the size of active semiconductor regions can then be obtained with respect to an original mask.

Abstract: An output stage comprising a differential amplifier (T.sub.1, T.sub.2) which comprises an additional current source (20) which conducts, via a transistor (T.sub.4) which is connected parallel to the base and the collector of one of the transistors (T.sub.1) of the differential amplifier, an auxiliary current through the load resistor (1) of the transistor (T.sub.1). A further branch of said current source 20 is formed by a transistor (T.sub.5) which is connected in series with a resistor (3), the conduction of the transistor (T.sub.5) being (indirectly) controlled by the current flowing through a resistor (2) which is connected between the transistor (T.sub.4) and the source (20).

Abstract: A differential pressure transducer having a body of insulating material on which film electrodes are fixed, two diaphragms made of insulating material, and two film electrodes on the inner sides of the respective diaphragms facing the body. The diaphragms and the body together form cavities which are filled with an incompressible liquid, and the film electrodes of the body and of the diaphragms form capacitances which are dependent on the diaphragm deflection. The transducer is especially suitable for the measurement of the flow rate of explosive liquids or gasses.

Abstract: A frequency-conversion arrangement (C.sub.1 -C.sub.j, l.sub.1 -l.sub.k) is connected to a distribution network (II, III) for converting the channel frequency distribution of television signals from an input channel pattern, to an output channel pattern in which output channel pattern the picture carriers of the television signals succeed each other with frequency spacings of which not more than two consecutive frequency spacings are mutually equal. By choosing the picture carrier distances in the second output channel pattern to be equal to an integer multiple of a certain frequency interval, the higher order intermodulation products appear at frequencies which are mutually spaced over fixed distances of the order of this frequency interval which distances equal an integer multiple of the frequency interval relative to the picture carriers.

Abstract: An automatically operating electric shaver comprising a housing provided with a shaving head, said housing comprising a power source part and a motor. Furthermore there is provided a starting preliminary circuit which operates by detecting external contact resistance, a proximity detecting circuit which operates by detecting changes in capacity between electrodes for detecting proximity and a motor drive circuit which operates only when both of the afore-mentioned circuits operate and that the construction is such that the shaver starts automatically in a prescribed position and stops automatically in any positions remote from the said position.

Abstract: A signalling light according to the invention has a concave reflector with a substantially cylindrical lamp holder for an electric lamp. The position of the lamp holder can be adjusted from inside the reflector. The lamp holder is connected to the reflector so as to be rotatable about its axis. Means which can be manipulated from inside the reflector fix the lamp holder in any adjusted position.The construction of the signalling light makes it possible to position an asymmetric light source in the reflector in such manner that an optimum light beam is obtained.

Abstract: A device for automatically inserting and ejecting an information carrier by means of an over-center mechanism, which is actuated manually until the over-center point is reached. The over-center mechanism comprises an eccentric gear which has a diameter which increases as the insertion movement proceeds, the gear surface engaging a sliding member for the information carrier. As a result, the automatic insertion path length is increased relative to the manual insertion path length.

Abstract: A transmitter for transmitting a carrier whose frequency is modulated by pseudo five-level signals. In order to obtain a simple receiver and an improved signal-to-noise ratio, a substantially three-level signal is generated in the transmitter at the detection instants t=(2m-1)T/2 by means of a pre-modulation filter.

Abstract: A borided dispenser cathode of the type including a metallic base material is made by cleaning the cathode by annealing it in a hydrogen-containing atmosphere, depositing boron on the cathode by heating the cathode in an atmosphere containing a gaseous boron compound, and forming a boride of the metallic base material by heating the cathode to its operating temperature in a non-reactive atmosphere and maintaining the temperature for a time period sufficient to enable deposited boron to combine with the metallic base material.

Abstract: A DC voltage to DC voltage converter where the period of a controllable switch is maintained for a period which produces current and voltage levels which will not damage any of the converter circuit elements. First and second voltage supply networks are provided, each comprising an inductor, one end of which is an input of the voltage supply network, the other end connected to first and second diodes. The second diode serially connects the inductor with a capacitor. The junction of the capacitor and second diode correspond to an output of the voltage supply network. The second voltage network receives the output of the first voltage network. The first diodes of each voltage network are connected to a transistor switch which is terminated by serially connected third and fourth diodes. A winding serially connected the junction of the third and fourth diodes with the second network output voltage junction. A tuning capacitor across the fourth diode establishes a resonant current in the winding.

Abstract: An invar alloy on the basis of iron is formed by an intermetallic compound having a cubic crystal structure of the NaZn.sub.13 type having nominal composition La(FeCoX).sub.13, wherein X is Si or Al. By subjecting the present intermetallic compound after melting to a tempering treatment at 800.degree.-1,000.degree. C. and cooling it in an accelerated manner, a brittle material is obtained which can be ground to form a powder. From this powder, articles having any desired (optionally complicated) shape can be produced by means of powder metallurgy. By mixing powders of two different intermetallic compounds, a material can be obtained having a substantially negligible coefficient of linear thermal expansion in the temperature range from 0.degree. C. to 200.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of photolithographically treating a substrate, in which a surface of the substrate is treated at least at the area at which it consists of an inorganic material with an organosilicon compound.In order to improve the adhesion of a photolacquer layer to be applied, the organosilicon compound used is a 3-aminopropyl-trialkoxysilane in the form of an aqueous solution.

Abstract: A semiconductor device, comprising a semiconductor body with a bipolar transistor with a collector zone which is formed by a part of a semiconductor region, a base zone and an emitter zone which is embedded in the base zone. The base zone is connected to a base metallization and the emitter zone is connected to an emitter metallization which comprises an emitter connection electrode. Between the emitter and the collector of the transistor there is connected a diode with a first zone which forms part of the semiconductor region and a second zone which is completely surrounded by the first zone and in projection is completely situated within the emitter connection electrode. This emitter connection electrode is connected to the second zone of the diode.

Abstract: A method is set forth for simultaneously preparing a plurality of castings of a solution of an element, or compound, in a solvent, which solvent may also be an element and/or a compound. The solution is saturated at a temperature T.sub.s. A problem in liquid epitaxy growth processes is the simple preparation of growth charges of sufficient reproducible composition and size to produce epitaxial layers of reproducible composition and thickness. The present invention provides a melt consisting of the solvent, of the solvent together with at least one constituent of the solution, or of a solution which is unsaturated at the temperature T.sub.s, which melt is prepared in a boat body of a liquid-tight boat assembly. An equilibrium is established at T.sub.s between the melt and a solid body having an excess of any constituent in which the melt is deficient with respect to the saturated solution so as to form the saturated solution.

Abstract: A synchronous motor is adjustably positioned on a support plate by screws passing through slots in the support plate. An optical filter is attached to an arm which is secured to the rotor of the motor for horizontal rotation of the arm between two stable positions defined by stops so that the filter is held stable either in or out of the path of a light beam in a spectrophotometer, for example. The stops are spaced and positioned in relation to the stator poles of the motor such that application to two stator coils of the motor of one or the other of two predetermined discrete voltage codes will unambiguously drive the rotor in the direction of a predetermined one or the other of the stops toward a stable pole position of the motor corresponding to that code until movement is terminated by that stop.