Abstract: A rough beam (4) is formed on a universal stand (11), and a two high stand starting with an initial section (1) of rectangular or trapezoidal cross-section, in two series of passes in the universal stand. During the first series reduction of the web forming portion is effected by horizontal rolls (5, 6) acting on the central portion of the initial section (1) and during the second series of passes both the horizontal rolls (5, 6) and the vertical rolls (7, 8) of the universal stand (11) simultaneously reduce the web and flanges, respectively. The rough-beam being formed during the second series of passes is also rolled in the open grooves of a two high stand.

Abstract: A process for forming a rail blank in a universal stand, starting with an initial section (1) of rectangular cross-section comprising a first series of passes for cutting into the web forming portion by way of horizontal rolls (2, 3) accompanied by reduction of the head by way of one of the vertical roll (5), and a second series of passes for simultaneously reducing the head flank forming portions by the horizontal rolls (2, 3) and the base forming portions by one of the vertical roll (4) of the universal stand, the other roll (5) remaining non-active.

Abstract: The system according to the invention comprises: stand-bearing trolleys capable of independent displacements in the longitudinal and transverse directions, each constituted by two longitudinal members on which the stand is fixed and supported by axle-less wheels driven by on-board motors and by two transverse members supported by axle-less wheels driven by on-board motors; longitudinal and transverse tracks connecting the rolling sites, the siding sites and the pre-assembly sites; intersections of tracks; counter-rails disposed vertically on either side of the tracks; hydraulic jacks serving to fix the stands on the trolleys and for lifting the stands for adjusting the level of the rolling plane; bed plates upstream and downstream of the rolling sites serving to lock the stands in rolling position; on the rolling sites, coupling hooks serving for the precise positioning of the stands in rolling position and where necessary for the displacements of the stands during rolling, to bring different passes into the

Abstract: The steel rail is submitted to a tensile stress exceeding the conventional 0.2% offset yield strength of the steel, up to a stress value corresponding to a total plastic deformation of the whole rail.

Abstract: A roller assembly for a stand of a torsionless finishing block of a multi-stand rolling mill for producing continuous wire from a round elongated rod is disclosed. The assembly is characterized by the provision of at least one bearing mounted on the drive shaft between the rollers and the drive shaft of the stand, whereby the stand is operable to calibrate the finished wire. Alignment devices are provided for longitudinally centering the bearing relative to the stand roller and circlips connect the bearing with the roller in the centered position. Spacing elements are mounted on the drive shaft at opposite ends of the bearing to longitudinally position the bearing relative to the shaft. In the absence of a finished wire to be calibrated, the rollers are driven at the speed of rotation of the drive shaft. When finished wire enters the stand and comes in contact with the rollers, the rollers rotate at the speed of rotation of the wire.

Abstract: The primary blank 1, which is to be transformed into a finished rail by means of universal passes, edging passes and a finishing pass, is characterized by a symmetric `.UPSILON.` section the thickness of which always varies in the same way. It is designed to be shaped exclusively in open grooves.This primary blank 1 is roughed in a specific manner in a universal stand and undergoes a strong forging which improves the quality of the finished rail. A secondary blank is then formed which has a special shape allowing the production by universal rolling of a very accurate profile of the finished rail.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an arrangement of grooves on the rolls of a rolling mill stand intended particularly for the rolling of beams, rails, channels, squares, diamonds, rounds, tie plates, joint bars and similar shapes wherein a plurality of grooves for shapes with different web heights are nested on the same set of rolls in such a way that the whole of the part of a groove serving as a surround to the shortest web is common to all the nested grooves.

Abstract: The set of horizontal rolls or the set of horizontal and vertical rolls of a universal stand, especially a finishing stand for universal rolling of rails or like sections has, in addition to the finishing grooves, grooves other than universal or finishing grooves, preferably edging grooves.

Abstract: Rolling mill rolls having open grooves comprising active and relatively non-active portions are provided wherein at least two such grooves are overlapped by their relatively non-active portions. Also disclosed are processes for feeding such rolls, a stand connecting such rolls and a universal rolling mill having stands incorporating such rolls.

Abstract: A purifying system is disclosed for the removal of small particles of impurities from a gaseous mixture flowing in a conduit, including a venturi connected in series in the conduit, a liquid injection device for introducing jets of liquid to produce a liquid mist pattern extending transversely within the venturi to moisturize the small particles of impurities, and a regulator operable in response to the pressure differential across the venturi for adjusting the effective cross-section of the venturi and/or the operation of the injection device, thereby to maintain the pressure differential across the venturi at a predetermined value.

Abstract: A process of producing steel ingots having a steel composition at the skin hich differs from that at the heart comprises tapping incompletely killed steel from a tapping ladle into an ingot mould, adding a deoxidizing agent to the steel in the mould, intensively mixing the steel for a period in minutes equal to at least half the height of the ingot in meters and decanting the inclusions in the steel, both the intensive mixing and decant taking place during the basaltic crystallization phase.