Abstract: Apparatus and methods useful in surveying to provide information rich models. In particular, information not readily or possibly provided by conventional survey techniques can be provided. In some versions targets provide reference for baseline positioning or improving position information otherwise acquired. Scanning may be carried out in multiple locations and merged to form a single image. Machine mounted and hand mounted scanning apparatus is disclosed.

Abstract: Synthetic aperture radar apparatus and methods provide for a compact and usable system to scan behind and underneath surfaces. A synthetic aperture radar pod can be portable and self contained for low cost and ease of transportation. The synthetic aperture radar system may be used at close range to the target area without a fixed and predetermined scan pattern and still provide usable three dimensional images of a surface and/or what is behind or beneath the surface. In some embodiments, the synthetic aperture radar apparatus may be used with common vehicles not dedicated to scanning to provide a useful three dimensional image.