Abstract: A method of implementing a neural network in a neuromorphic apparatus having a memory and processing circuitry, where the method includes dividing, by the processing circuitry, the neural network into a plurality of sub-networks based on a size of a core of the memory to implement the neural network, initializing, by the processing circuitry, a hyper-parameter used in the sub-networks, and training, by the processing circuitry, the sub-networks by using the hyper-parameter.

Abstract: A PDF (portable document format) document direct printing method of an image forming apparatus having a memory, the method includes comparing a size of the PDF document with an available capacity of the memory; transmitting the PDF document that is larger than the available capacity of the memory to at least one external device if a determination is made that the size of the PDF document is larger than the available capacity of the memory; receiving the PDF document from the external device, and forming an image corresponding to the received PDF format.