Abstract: Disclosed herein is an ultraviolet (UV) light-blocking composition comprising a metal nanoparticle that absorbs and blocks a UV light wavelength using a surface plasmon-absorbing wavelength, and a dielectric. The UV light-blocking composition is capable of absorbing and blocking a UV light wavelength or, a specific wavelength, using the surface plasmon-absorbing wavelength of the metal nanoparticle or, the plasmon-absorbing wavelength transited by the dielectric, thereby demonstrating increased visibility when applied to an image display apparatus such as a mobile phone, and the like.

Abstract: A communication system using a hierarchical modulation scheme and/or a network coding scheme is provided. A relay node included in the communication system may generate a relay packet by applying a network coding scheme to a hierarchically modulated source packet and to a destination packet received from a destination node. The relay packet is transmitted to a source node and a destination node, and the source node and the destination node may extract a desired packet from a relay packet. The communication system also may adaptively determine an optimal communication mode.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an ultraviolet (UV) light-blocking composition comprising a metal nanoparticle that absorbs and blocks a UV light wavelength using a surface plasmon-absorbing wavelength, and a dielectric. The UV light-blocking composition is capable of absorbing and blocking a UV light wavelength or, a specific wavelength, using the surface plasmon-absorbing wavelength of the metal nanoparticle or, the plasmon-absorbing wavelength transited by the dielectric, thereby demonstrating increased visibility when applied to an image display apparatus such as a mobile phone, and the like.

Abstract: A ferroelectric capacitor comprises a first electrode comprising an alloy of Ir and Ru, a ferroelectric layer disposed on the first electrode, and a second electrode disposed on the ferroelectric layer. A ferroelectric memory comprises a substrate and a plurality of memory cells arranged on the substrate. Each memory cell comprises a first electrode comprising an alloy of Ir and Ru, a ferroelectric layer disposed on the first electrode, and a second electrode disposed on the ferroelectric layer.