Abstract: An analog-to-digital converter of an image sensor includes a pixel load connected to a column line connected to a plurality of pixels, a pixel signal input terminal configured to receive a pixel signal through the column line, a ramp signal input terminal configured to receive a ramp signal compared with the pixel signal and operating as a source follower, a core amplifier configured to compare the pixel signal with the ramp signal, and output the pixel signal based on a comparison result, and an auto-zero switching unit configured to initialize the core amplifier.

Abstract: Provided is a video decoding method including: obtaining, from a bitstream, intra prediction mode information indicating an intra prediction mode of a current block; determining an interpolation filter set to be used in prediction of the current block, based on at least one of a size of the current block and the intra prediction mode indicated by the intra prediction mode information; determining a reference location to which a current sample of the current block refers according to the intra prediction mode; determining, in the interpolation filter set, an interpolation filter that corresponds to the reference location; determining a prediction value of the current sample, according to reference samples of the current block and the interpolation filter; and reconstructing the current block, based on the prediction value of the current sample.

Abstract: Provided are an electronic device and method of determining a peer-to-peer (P2P) operating channel. The electronic device includes a communication interface; and a processor configured to acquire access point (AP) connection information of the electronic device about a wireless connection to an AP and BT connection information of the electronic device about a connection to a Bluetooth device, receive, from a peer device attempting to establish a P2P connection to the electronic device, AP connection information of the peer device about a wireless connection to an AP, determine a P2P operating channel between the electronic device and the peer device based on the AP connection information and the BT connection information of the electronic device and the AP connection information of the peer device, and establish a P2P connection between the electronic device and the peer device according to the determined P2P operating channel.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device including a substrate having at least one fin-shaped active region, the at least one fin-shaped active region extending in a first direction, a gate line extending on the at least one fin-shaped active region in a second direction, the second direction intersecting with the first direction, a conductive region on a portion of the at least one fin-shaped active region at one side of the gate line, and a contact plug extending from the conductive region in a third direction, the third direction being perpendicular to a main plane of the substrate, may be provided. The contact plug may include a metal plug, a conductive barrier film on the conductive region, the conductive barrier film surrounding a sidewall and a bottom surface of the metal plug, the conductive barrier film including an N-rich metal nitride film, and a metal silicide film between the conductive region and the conductive barrier film.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for sending and receiving a reference signal for a backhaul subframe in a wireless communication system in which a relay is present and also to a device therefor, constituted in such a way that common reference signals for a plurality of receiving devices and reference signals dedicated to separate receiving devices are allocated dispersed in a subframe, and the common reference signals and the dedicated reference signals are generated and are sent and received via the subframe. The present invention can improve the channel estimation performance for subframes in a wireless communication system. In this way, communications efficiency in wireless communication systems can be improved.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of acquiring program guide information for a digital television receiver. There is provided a digital television signal receiver, including: a tuner to receive a digital television transport stream (TS) which includes audio, video, and program information; an extractor to extract the program information from the received TS; a storage to store the extracted program information; a processor to access the storage to generate a channel list based on the stored program information stored in the storage, where the channel list comprises at least one channel number and the at least one channel number comprises at least one main channel number; and a user interface to allow a user to navigate the channel list to search a channel number, wherein if the at least one main channel number has a corresponding sub-channel number, the sub-channel number can be listed after the at least one main channel number.

Abstract: Methods of fabricating a semiconductor integrated circuit device are disclosed. The methods of fabricating a semiconductor integrated circuit device include forming a hard mask layer on a base layer, forming a line sacrificial hard mask layer on the hard mask layer in a first direction, coating a high molecular organic material layer on the line sacrificial hard mask layer pattern, patterning the high molecular organic material layer and the line sacrificial hard mask layer pattern in a second direction, forming a matrix sacrificial hard mask layer pattern, forming a hard mask layer pattern by patterning the hard mask layer with the matrix sacrificial hard mask layer pattern as an etching mask and forming a lower pattern by patterning the base layer using the hard mask layer pattern as an etch mask. The method according to the invention is simpler and less expensive than conventional methods.

Abstract: A push to talk (PTT) system. Where when there is a call connection request to any terminal in a PTT system with a pre-established session, a query message is transmitted to a PTT terminal receiving the call connection request in order to determine to accept a call request, and a determination is made as to whether to connect the call based on a response message, this preventing a waste of resources and time due to unnecessary session establishment.