Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting a free page of a memory device, and a method and apparatus for decoding an error correction code by using the method and apparatus for detecting a free page are provided. Free page data read from the memory is converted into a converted codeword for inclusion as an element of an error correction code field. The converted codeword is compared to an initially set target codeword to detect an amount of non-identical bits. A page read from the memory is determined to be a free page when the amount of non-identical bits is equal to or less than an initially set threshold value.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus including a stacked plurality of devices and a related method. The apparatus includes a stacked plurality of devices including a master device and at least one secondary device; a plurality of segments, each segment being associated with one of the stacked plurality of devices; and a plurality of N vertical connection paths traversing the stacked plurality of devices. The apparatus further includes a plurality of M vertical signal paths configured from the plurality of N vertical connections paths, wherein M is less than N, and at least one of the plurality of M vertical signal paths is a merged vertical signal path adaptively configured by the master device using at least one segment from each one of at least two of the plurality of N vertical connection paths.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for using a frequency hopping scheme in a broadcast communication system are provided. A method for transmitting a broadcast signal via at least two frequency bands by a transmission end device in the broadcast communication system includes determining a frequency hopping pattern for providing a broadcast service and transmitting the same; transmitting control information via a first frame after a frequency is changed according to the frequency hopping pattern; and transmitting broadcast data for the broadcast service via a frame transmitted after the first frame.

Abstract: A digital photographing apparatus that supports a fast multi-autofocusing (AF) method, in which, when AF peaks of a subject of a central multi-point and a subject of a nearest multi-point are detected, further scanning is not performed. In addition, scanning is not performed on a region from which it is difficult to detect a peak, so that fast and accurate AF may be performed.

Abstract: A method of executing an additional extended feature of an image forming apparatus, includes receiving an application from an external storage medium, the application corresponding to the additional extended feature, installing the received application using one operating system of the plurality of operating systems, selecting the additional extended feature from a menu showing at least one application installed in the image forming apparatus, and executing an application corresponding to the selected additional extended feature using an operating system corresponding to the selected additional extended feature.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of forming characters for microprint and an image forming apparatus using the same. The method of forming characters for microprint includes determining for every image character a size font taking into account the rules to create small prints, rasterizing a character into a bitmap, skeletonizing the bitmap, reformatting the bitmap maintaining a character legibility, storing the bitmap, and forming halftoning cells from the reformatted bitmap.

Abstract: A paste for a photoelectric conversion layer used in an X-ray detector includes photoconductive particles, an organic polymer binder, a first organic solvent to dissolve the organic polymer binder, and a second organic solvent. The second organic solvent has a boiling point in a range of between about 150° C. and about 210° C., inclusive.

Abstract: A frequency includes a first edge detection unit configured to generate a first count signal responsive to detecting first edges of an input signal and a second edge detection unit configured to generate a second count signal responsive to detecting the first edges of the input signal in a first operation mode and to generate the second count signal responsive to detecting second edges of the input signal in a second operation mode. One of the first and second edges is a rising edge and the other of the first and second edges is a falling edge. A pulse triggered buffer unit generates an output signal responsive to the first and second count signals. The output signal is divided by a target division ratio with respect to the input signal that is an odd number division ratio in one mode and an even number division ratio in the other mode.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner and a process for preparing the same. The electrophotographic toner includes a binder, a coloring agent, and a release agent. The binder includes two resins having different weight average molecular weights.

Abstract: There are disclosed a group III nitride nanorod light emitting device and a method of manufacturing thereof. The group III nitride nanorod light emitting device includes a substrate, an insulating film formed on the substrate, and including a plurality of openings exposing parts of the substrate and having different diameters, and first conductive group III nitride nanorods having different diameters, respectively formed in the plurality of openings, wherein each of the first conductive group III nitride nanorods has an active layer and a second conductive semiconductor layer sequentially formed on a surface thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a metal pattern composition including a conductive metal or a conductive metal precursor compound, and a carboxylic acid-amine base ion pair salt.

Abstract: An image processing device includes a first image enhancer and a second image enhancer. The first image enhancer receives first image data and generates first image enhancement information by analyzing the first image data. The second image enhancer receives second image data and generates second image enhancement information by analyzing the second image data. The first image enhancer converts the first image data into first enhanced image data based on the first image enhancement information and the second image enhancement information. The second image enhancer converts the second image data into second enhanced image data based on the first image enhancement information and the second image enhancement information.

Abstract: A method and system for backing up and restoring personal data are provided. The method includes establishing a first communication connection between the first communication device and an entity in a remote computer network upon detecting changes of personal data stored in a first communication device; communicating between the first communication device and the remote computer network entity an identity of an archival function to be performed over the first communication connection, wherein the archival function to be performed includes backing up the personal data; performing a backup function by receiving the changed personal data from the first communication device; establishing a second communication connection between a second communication device and the remote computer network entity; and performing a restore function using the second communication connection by transmitting the changed personal data from the remote computer network entity to the second communication device.

Abstract: A resistive memory device and method of initialization are provided. The resistive memory device includes a first group of resistive memory cells connected between bit lines and a first plate and a second group connected between bit lines and a second plate. First and second initialization voltages are respectively applied to the first and second plates outside a normal path associated with a normal operation of the resistive memory cells.

Abstract: A light guiding plate may include a substrate, a waveguide, and a reflective metal. The waveguide and the reflective metal may be formed on the substrate. The waveguide may guide light. The reflective metal may reflect the light guided along the waveguide to change a propagation direction of the light. A light guiding plate may include a substrate, a cladding layer, and a plurality of waveguides. The cladding layer may be formed on the substrate. The cladding layer may include a first insulating layer having a first refractive index. The plurality of waveguides may be formed on the cladding layer. The plurality of waveguides may include a second insulating layer having a second refractive index. The second refractive index may be higher than the first refractive index. The plurality of waveguides may guide light provided by a light emitting element. At least two of the waveguides may have different lengths.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming an image determine if printing paper is properly picked up, and printing data is transferred to an intermediate transfer belt (ITB). When it is sensed that the printing paper is not properly picked up, picking up the printing paper is retried considering a revolution cycle of the ITB. Thus, the frequency of errors can be decreased, and a user's convenience can be increased because picking up the printing paper is automatically retried whenever mis-pick up occurs instead of displaying an error. Further, wasting of toner is decreased.

Abstract: Disclosed are a light scanning unit and an electrophotographic image forming apparatus including the light scanning unit. The light scanning unit may include a light source emitting a light beam, a beam deflector that deflects and scans the light beam emitted from the light source in a main scanning direction, a scanning optical system forming an image of a first portion of the light beam that is deflected and scanned by the beam deflector on a scanning surface and a beam detection sensor receiving a second portion of the light beam that is deflected and scanned by the beam deflector for generating a synchronization signal. The beam detection sensor may include a light receiving surface for receiving the second portion of the light beam, and at least two output terminals that are arranged outside an area of the light receiving surface within which the incident second portion of the light beam is confined.

Abstract: A transmitting system includes an adapter unit to generate a transport stream that includes a private data field, and a stuffer unit to write advanced vestigial sideband (AVSB) data in a front part of the private data field.