Abstract: A semiconductor device may include a substrate including a cell region and a connection region, a cell word line extending across the plurality of active regions in a first horizontal direction on the cell region of the substrate, a cell bit line including a cell metallic conductive pattern extending on the cell region of the substrate in a second horizontal direction, and a connection bit line including a connection metallic conductive pattern extending in the second horizontal direction on the connection region of the substrate. A top surface of the connection bit line may be located at a vertical level that is equal to or lower than a top surface of the cell bit line, and a height of the connection metallic conductive pattern in a vertical direction may be equal to or greater than a height of the cell metallic conductive pattern in the vertical direction.

Abstract: A semiconductor package includes an interposer including a first redistribution layer and a second redistribution layer that is on the first redistribution layer and is electrically coupled to the first redistribution layer; and a semiconductor chip on the interposer. The first redistribution layer includes a first organic insulating layer and a plurality of first conductors in the first organic insulating layer. The second redistribution layer includes a second organic insulating layer, a first silicon insulating layer on the second organic insulating layer, and a plurality of second conductors penetrating through both the second organic insulating layer and the first silicon insulating layer. The semiconductor chip includes a second silicon insulating layer and a plurality of third conductors in the second silicon insulating layer.

Abstract: Provided is a light modulating apparatus including a plurality of pixels, each pixel of the plurality of pixels being configured to steer incident light and operate as an on-pixel or an off-pixel, a spatial light modulator configured to modulate the incident light and emit the light at a predetermined steering angle, and a processor configured to apply different voltages respectively corresponding to steering angles of the on-pixel.

Abstract: Provided are memory devices and memory systems. The memory device includes a memory cell array in a first semiconductor layer and including word lines stacked in a first direction, and channel structures passing through the word lines in the first direction; a control logic circuit in a second semiconductor layer located below the first semiconductor layer in the first direction; and a physical unclonable function (PUF) circuit including a plurality of through electrodes passing through the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer, and configured to generate PUF data according to resistance values of the plurality of through electrodes, and generate the PUF data based on a node voltage between through electrodes connected in series, among the plurality of through electrodes.

Abstract: There is provided a semiconductor device having enhanced operation performance by utilizing a cut region where a gate cut is implemented. There is provided a semiconductor device comprising a first active pattern, a second active pattern, a third active pattern, and a fourth active pattern, all of which extend in parallel in a first direction, and are arranged along a second direction intersecting the first direction; a first gate electrode extended in the second direction on the first to fourth active patterns a first cut region extended in the first direction between the first active pattern and the second active pattern to cut the first gate electrode and a second cut region extended in the first direction between the third active pattern and the fourth active pattern to cut the first gate electrode, wherein one or more first dimensional features related to the first cut region is different from one or more second dimensional features related to the second cut region.

Abstract: An apparatus for correcting an error of a clock signal may include a phase adjuster that corrects an error of half-rate clock signals based on an error correction signal to output an error-corrected clock signal, a phase splitter that outputs quadrature clock signals from the error-corrected clock signal, an error detector that outputs an internal clock signal based on one of the quadrature clock signals, selects two quadrature clock signals among the quadrature clock signals based on a clock selection signal, and detects errors of the two quadrature clock signals based on an error check signal to output a correction request signal, and a controller that outputs a mode selection signal and the clock selection signal based on the internal clock signal and that outputs the error correction signal and the error check signal based on the mode selection signal, the clock selection signal, and the correction request signal.

Abstract: An object tracking apparatus is provided. The object tracking apparatus includes a processor configured to detect, from a first image frame, an amodal region including a first visible region in which a target object is visible and an occlusion region in which the target object is occluded, determine, based on the detected amodal region of the first image frame, that at least a partial region of a second image frame is a search region of the second image frame, the second image frame being temporally adjacent to the first image frame, and track the target object in the second image frame based on the determined search region.

Abstract: A method for generating a depth map includes acquiring at least one image of a scene including a reflective object or a semi-transparent object, acquiring, from the at least one image, a first depth map including a depth value for at least one opaque object which is reflected by the reflective object or viewed through the semi-transparent object, acquiring, from the at least one image, a second depth map including a depth value for the reflective object or the semi-transparent object, and generating a depth map for the scene based on the acquired first depth map and the acquired second depth map, and the generated depth map includes the depth value for the reflective object or the semi-transparent object and the depth value for the at least one opaque object which is reflected by the reflective object or viewed through the semi-transparent object.

Abstract: A substrate bonding method includes: forming first plasma on a bonding surface of a first substrate at atmospheric pressure by using a mixed gas including an inert gas and water vapor, to thereby perform surface activation treatment on the bonding surface of the first substrate; forming second plasma on a bonding surface of a second substrate at atmospheric pressure by using the mixed gas, to thereby perform surface activation treatment on the bonding surface of the second substrate; bonding the bonding surface of the first substrate and the bonding surface of the second substrate to each other; and moving each of the first substrate and the second substrate at a constant speed in a region above a linear reactor in which the first plasma and the second plasma are formed.

Abstract: A cell architecture including at least one semiconductor device cell is provided.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a cooler configured to adjust a temperature inside the refrigerator, and a processor configured to obtain type information of an object in the refrigerator and current temperature information of the object, compare a current temperature of the object with a first temperature of the object based on the type information and the current temperature information, and based on identifying that the current temperature of the object is higher than the first temperature, identify a first time for the temperature of the object inside the refrigerator to reach the first temperature based on a first setting temperature inside the refrigerator. Based on identifying that the current temperature of the object is lower than the first temperature, identify a second time for the temperature of the object to reach the first temperature after the object is removed.

Abstract: A bootstrap circuit for generating an output signal through a pre-charge operation and a sample operation, includes: a sampler including a sampling switch configured to sample an input signal, a first protection switch connected between an input node and the sampling switch, and a second protection switch connected between the sampling switch and an output node; and a driver configured to drive the sampler based on a power supply voltage and the input signal.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a sensor substrate including a plurality of pixels for sensing incident light, and a nano-photonic microlens array including a plurality of nano-photonic microlenses corresponding respectively to the plurality of pixels, wherein each of the plurality of nano-photonic microlenses includes a plurality of nano-structures that are arranged two-dimensionally to condense incident light onto corresponding pixels, and a gap between two nano-structures that are arranged directly facing each other across a boundary between two adjacent nano-photonic microlenses is greater than an arrangement period of the plurality of nano-structures in each of the plurality of nano-photonic microlenses.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a first chip and a second chip. The first chip includes a first substrate including photoelectric conversion parts and a back-side insulating layer covering a first surface of the first substrate. The second chip, which is disposed adjacent the first chip, includes circuits configured to drive the first chip. The back-side insulating layer may include a fixed-charge layer, a refractive index adjusting layer, and a capping layer, which are sequentially disposed on the first surface of the first substrate. The refractive index adjusting layer may include a first element, a second element, and oxygen. A conduction band minimum of an oxide of the second element may be higher than a conduction band minimum of an oxide of the first element.

Abstract: A method for sharing data in a transmitting-side electronic device communicating with a receiving-side electronic device is provided. The method includes connecting a voice call with the receiving-side electronic device; obtaining a sharing object to be shared with the receiving-side electronic device; and transmitting data corresponding to the sharing object to the receiving-side electronic device through a data session formed based on information related to the voice call.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a first pixel group, a second pixel group arranged in a same column and row as the first pixel group, a first analog-to-digital converter and a second analog-to-digital converter corresponding to the first pixel group and the second pixel group, respectively and configured to process pixel signals output from the first pixel group and the second pixel group, and a switching circuit configured to selectively transmit a first pixel signal output from the first pixel group and a second pixel signal output from the second pixel group to the first analog-to-digital converter or the second analog-to-digital converter. While the first analog-to-digital converter is connected to the first pixel group to process the first pixel signal, the second analog-to-digital converter is connected to the second pixel group to process the second pixel signal. Accordingly, auto-focus information may be more effectively obtained.

Abstract: The disclosure provides computer-implemented method for training a vision-language machine learning, ML, model to classify images depicting novel or known classes. The method comprises obtaining a first training dataset comprising a plurality of class names and training the vision-language ML model. The training method comprises: generating at least one augmented textual prompt; inputting the at least one augmented textual prompt into a frozen text encoder; outputting a first text embedding for each augmented textual prompt; generating a plurality of first inputs by concatenating each learnable soft prompt from a plurality of learnable soft prompts; inputting the class names and the plurality of first inputs into the frozen text encoder; outputting a second text embedding for each first input; and minimizing a cross-entropy text-to-text loss between the first text embeddings and the second text embeddings.

Abstract: A connector to which a cable provided with a plurality of first terminals is connected is provided. The connector may include a base including a plurality of second terminals; a locking member including a plurality of third terminals and an end rotatably connected to the base; a first operating member including a first end of the first operating member and a second end of the first operating member, the first end of the first operating member is fixed to the base, and the second end of the first operating member is fixed to the locking member, and a second operating member spaced apart from the first operating member and including a first end fixed to the base and a second end fixed to the locking member, wherein the first operating member and the second operating member are configured to, based on being pressed by a front end of the cable, rotate the locking member from an open position to a closed position and to lock the front end of the cable between the base and the locking member.

Abstract: A lane detection method and device is disclosed, where the method includes determining main trajectory information based on first trajectory information of one or more dynamic objects around a vehicle and second trajectory information of a surrounding environment of the vehicle, determining one or more candidate lane templates from among lane templates based on the main trajectory information, adjusting the one or more candidate lane templates to generate adjusted lane templates, determining an overlap between a lane feature obtained from an input image and each of the adjusted lane templates through overlapping the lane feature with each of the adjusted lane templates, and determining, as the lane, an overlapping lane template in which an overlap of the lane feature with an adjusted lane template has a greatest similarity.

Abstract: An electronic device includes: an antenna radiator; a radio frequency (RF) circuit configured to process a RF signal; a feeding line electrically connecting the antenna radiator with the RF circuit; a plurality of points including one or more first points and one or more second points, the plurality of points being positioned on the feeding line; a switch circuit electrically coupled to the plurality of points, the switch circuit being disposed in a parallel structure with respect to the feeding line; a first lumped element disposed between the one or more first points and the one or more second points; and a second lumped element disposed between the one or more first points and at least one first terminal included in the switch circuit.