Abstract: A method and apparatus for allocating a spare area to a recording medium, and a recording medium thereof. The method includes recording data in a data area of the recording medium according to a first recording operation, creating information regarding the adjusted spare area size, based on a defect contained in the recorded data, recording the information regarding the spare area and information regarding the defect, in the data recorded according to the first recording operation, as first temporary defect information in the data area, and recording defect management information for managing the first temporary defect information as first temporary defect management information in a temporary defect management information area which is present in at least one of a lead-in area, a lead-out area, and an outer area of the recording medium. Accordingly, a spare area is allocated to a recording medium according to the occurrence rate of defects in the recording medium, resulting in effective use of a data area.

Abstract: A detecting apparatus of a development cartridge used with an image forming machine which can perform a printing process after detecting whether an appropriate development cartridge is mounted. The detecting apparatus includes a pressing portion formed on a lower surface of the development cartridge, an operation member disposed in the guiding portion to unidirectionally pivot by a predetermined angle by the pressing portion when the development cartridge is mounted on the guiding portion, and a sensor operating when the operation member pivots by a predetermined angle, wherein the detecting apparatus recognizes that the development cartridge is mounted when the sensor operates. The operation member includes a detecting portion pressed by the pressing portion, and a rotation shaft to support the detecting portion to pivot by a predetermined angle, and the sensor is operated by the detecting portion.

Abstract: A disk drive reducing noise, including a disk tray sliding in and out of the disk drive and on which a disk is placed. A disk driving portion rotates the disk at a predetermined speed. A disk chucking apparatus holds the disk on the disk tray. A data recording/reproducing unit records data on the disk or reproduces data from the disk. An air guide plate is installed between an upper surface of the disk tray and an upper cover plate of the disk drive, parallel to the disk tray, and separates an air flow area. Air flow above the disk generated by the rotation of the disk is divided into turbulence under the air guide plate and turbulence above the air guide plate. Thus, the flow of turbulence is controlled by the air guide plate so that it does not collide with a front side portion of the disk drive. Also, because the velocity of turbulence of a free flow layer under the air guide plate that collides with the front side portion decreases, noise transmitted to the front side portion is reduced.

Abstract: A liquid image developing system, including a cartridge in which a developer is stored; a supply line; a development container to which the developer is supplied from the cartridge through the supply line; a photo sensitive body in the development container; a development roller partially soaked in the developer in the development container and rotating opposite to the photosensitive body; a depositing member to create a potential difference required to attach the developer to a circumference of the development roller, opposite to the development roller; a metering blade to scratch the developer attached to the circumference of the development roller to a predetermined thickness; and an agitator to agitate the developer contained in the development container. Accordingly, a high-concentration developer can be directly used in the development operation without a dilution operation, and thus the structure to supply the developer can be considerably simplified.

Abstract: There is provided a method of fabricating a semiconductor memory device having a self-aligned contact, including the steps of forming a plurality of gate electrodes by interposing a gate insulating layer on an active region of a semiconductor substrate in a predetermined direction at constant intervals, forming a first insulating layer on the resultant structure having the gate electrodes and then forming one or more of each of first and second openings which partially open an active region of the semiconductor substrate, forming first and second pad layers by filling the first and second openings with a conductive material, forming a first interlayer dielectric film on the first insulating layer having the first and second pad layers and forming a third opening which opens the surface of the first pad layer, forming a plurality of bit lines in a direction orthogonal to the gate electrodes on the first interlayer dielectric film while filling the third opening, depositing an insulating layer on the resultant