Abstract: An analog to digital converter includes a digital to analog converting circuit, a comparator and a signal processing circuit. The digital to analog converting circuit samples and holds an analog input signal, and converts digital output data to an analog signal to generate a hold voltage signal. The comparator compares the hold voltage signal with a reference voltage signal in response to a rising edge and a falling edge of a clock signal to generate a comparison output voltage signal. The signal processing circuit performs successive approximation based on the comparison output voltage signal to generate the digital output data.

Abstract: A conductive structure includes a contact plug extending through an insulating layer on a substrate, and first and second conductive lines extending alongside one another on the insulating layer. The first conductive line extends on the contact plug. A connecting line on the insulating layer extends between and electrically connects the first and second conductive lines. Related integrated circuit devices and fabrication methods are also discussed.

Abstract: Provided are a connecting apparatus for a wireless device and a connecting method thereof, more particularly, a connecting apparatus for a wireless device, which exchanges basic information required for establishing a wireless communication channel between wireless devices through a contact surface interface on which the wireless devices physically contact each other, registers the basis information respectively in the wireless devices, and completes setting of a communication protocol while the wireless devices contact each other, and a connecting method thereof. Therefore, since basic information for communications is automatically exchanged between wireless devices and registered respectively in the wireless devices through a contact interface, it is possible to easily and conveniently connect the wireless devices wirelessly.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for authoring multimedia documents are provided. The apparatus includes a template document floating field detector for detecting a floating field of a template document, which is an incomplete multimedia document having a fixed field and the floating field, by parsing a control document including information identifying the floating field and a list of selectable objects; a control document provider for rendering and outputting the control document; a user selection information receiving unit for receiving information selected by a user with respect to the control document output from the control document provider; and a multimedia document finisher for completing the template document as a multimedia document by fixing the detected floating field to be an object designated by the information selected by the user among the list of selectable objects, when the information selected by the user is received.

Abstract: A method for retrieving an image texture descriptor for describing texture features of an image, including the steps of (a) filtering input images using predetermined filters having different orientation coefficients, (b) projecting the filtered images onto axes of each predetermined direction to obtain data groups consisting of averages of each directional pixel values, (c) selecting candidate data groups among the data groups by a predetermined classification method, (d) determining a plurality of indicators based on orientation coefficients of the filters used in filtering the candidate data groups, and (e) determining the plurality of indicators as the texture descriptor of the image. The texture descriptors which allow kinds of texture structure present in an image to be perceptually captured can be retrieved.

Abstract: An electrostatic transfer type liquid electrophotographic printer which has a photoreceptor web having a charged surface and opposing back surface, at least one exposing unit for forming a latent electrostatic image onto the charged surface of the photoreceptor web, and at least one development unit for developing the latent electrostatic image on the photoreceptor web into a toner image, wherein each development unit has a developer roller, a toner removal roller, and a squeeze roller, and a backup roller corresponding to at least one of the developer roller, toner removal roller, and squeeze roller, and wherein the photoreceptor web is arranged to provide at least 1 degree of contact wrap around at least one of the backup rollers. The printer further includes an electrostatic transfer unit for transferring the toner images formed in each development unit from the photoreceptor web to a print medium by electrostatic force.

Abstract: There is provided an optical fiber composite ground wire (OPGW). The optical fiber composite ground wire (OPGW) includes a central wire at the center of the optical fiber composite ground wire (OPGW), a steel tube disposed around the central wire, at least one optical fiber ribbon inserted into the steel tube and containing a plurality of optical fibers arranged in coplanar alignment, a filling material filled in the steel tube, at least one inner layer wire surrounding the central wire, and at least one outer layer wire surrounding the steel tube and the inner layer wire.

Abstract: A disk changer for selecting and drawing disk trays from a disk tray drawer using the same motor for both elevational movement of the disk changer and lateral/horizontal movement of the disk tray lever. An idler gear, which is driven by the motor, is selectively engaged with an elevational control gearing mechanism and a lateral movement gearing mechanism. A power switching plate having cam grooves therein controls position changes of the idler gear.

Abstract: A digital automatic frequency controlling method and circuit therefor in which a digital horizontal sync signal is separated from an input horizontal sync signal in response to a system clock, a horizontal sync separation point value is extracted, an actual horizontal sync period is calculated by using the digital horizontal sync signal and the clock pulse number within one horizontal sync period, a line jitter amount is calculated by subtracting a standard horizontal sync period from the actual horizontal sync period, a correction coefficient in response to the line jitter amount is generated to modulo-operate a standard frequency down-converting carrier color signal and to thereby generate a new frequency down-converting carrier color signal having compensated line jitter.

Abstract: A TV receiver with built-in multiple functions such as TV, PIP, and VCR functions, is disclosed. The TV receiver processes a PIP signal in response to switching control by a microcomputer without using a separate tuner for PIP processing, and causes picture and audio signals to be selected for main and subscreen displays by controlling switches using a single microcomputer.