Abstract: A NAND flash device may include a peripheral circuit including a transistor, a substrate, and a device isolation region defining an active region of the substrate. The transistor may include a first gate structure on the active region. The transistor may include source and drain regions extending in a first direction in the active region on both sides of the first gate structure, which may include a first lightly-doped source and drain region adjacent to the first gate structure and a second lightly-doped source and drain region integrally connected thereto. The second lightly-doped source and drain region may be arranged farther from the first gate structure than the first lightly-doped source and drain region. The second lightly-doped source and drain region may have a smaller width in the second direction than a width of the first lightly-doped source and drain region in the second direction.

Abstract: An electronic device includes an injection mold including a mounting part and a wiring groove, a plated wiring plated on the wiring groove, and an electronic element mounted on the mounting part and electrically connected to the plated wiring, wherein the plated wiring is plated on an outer region of the injection mold, and the electronic element mounted on the injection mold dispensed on the plated wiring.

Abstract: A semiconductor package may include a substrate; at least one controller chip on the substrate; at least one chip structure on the substrate, the at least one chip structure including a buffer chip, an upper chip stack on the buffer chip, and a lower chip stack below the buffer chip; an upper wire electrically connecting the upper chip stack, the buffer chip, and the at least one controller chip; a lower wire electrically connecting the lower chip stack and the at least one controller chip; a connection wire electrically connecting the at least one controller chip to the substrate; and connection bumps below the substrate, the connection bumps being electrically connected to the at least one controller chip and the at least one chip structure.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a source layer, a semiconductor layer including a semiconductor protrusion structure, and a drain layer arranged in a first horizontal direction on a substrate, a cell capacitor extending in the first horizontal direction on the substrate and including a lower electrode layer, a capacitor dielectric film, and an upper electrode layer connected to the drain layer, a bit line extending in a vertical direction on the substrate and connected to the source layer, and a gate structure covering the semiconductor protrusion structure and including a gate dielectric film on the semiconductor protrusion structure and a gate electrode film on the gate dielectric film. A value of a first thickness of an end portion of the semiconductor protrusion structure facing the drain layer is greater than a value of a second thickness of another end portion of the semiconductor protrusion structure facing the source layer.

Abstract: Disclosed are semiconductor memory devices comprising a peripheral region including a substrate, high voltage transistors on the substrate, first lower lines connected to the high voltage transistors, and second lower lines connected to the first lower lines, and a cell region on the peripheral region. The first and the second lower lines extend along a first direction parallel to an upper surface of the substrate. The first lower lines include first high voltage lines and first low voltage lines. The second lower lines include second high voltage lines and second low voltage lines. The second high voltage lines and the first low voltage lines separated in a second direction parallel to the upper surface of the substrate and a third direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the substrate, and the second low voltage lines and the first high voltage lines separated in the second direction and the third direction.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided for obtaining information for a plane on which light emitted from a projector is to be projected. The electronic device includes a processor, which identifies, from the plane based on the information, a first area having a first ratio, and a second area smaller than the first area. Moreover, the processor obtains, in a state that a media content displays in the first area identified by a communication circuitry, user interface (UI) associated with the media content. The processor controls the projector to display, in the second area, the UI having layout based on a width and a height of the second area. The electronic device may be provided in a metaverse or in a metaverse service for enhancing interconnectivity between real and virtual objects.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including first gate electrodes stacked on a substrate and spaced apart from each other, a first channel structure passing through the first gate electrodes, the first channel structure including a first channel layer, a first dielectric layer between the first channel layer and the first gate electrodes, a first buried insulating layer filling an interior of the first channel layer, an auxiliary channel layer covering at least a portion of the first channel layer and the first dielectric layer, and a first channel pad on the first buried insulating layer, and isolation regions passing through the first gate electrodes, the isolation regions and spaced apart from each other may be provided. The auxiliary channel layer may be in contact with the first channel pad. The first channel pad may be spaced apart from the first dielectric layer by the auxiliary channel layer.

Abstract: An electronic device may establish a first connection with a first wearable device which includes a first actuator and is worn by a first user of the electronic device, establish a second connection with an external electronic device connected with a second wearable device which includes a second actuator and is worn by a second user, while the first connection and the second connection are maintained, obtain first movement information of the electronic device and second movement information of the external electronic device, based on the first movement information and the second movement information, identify a first mode in which the first wearable device is configured to operate using the first actuator and a second mode in which the second wearable device is configured to operate using the second actuator, transmit, to the first wearable device through the first connection, a first request signal for operating the first mode, and transmit, to the external electronic device through the second connection, a

Abstract: A chemical mechanical polishing apparatus includes a polishing platen that includes an electromagnet and is rotatable; a lower polishing pad that is positioned on the polishing platen, the lower polishing pad including a first area and a second area, the first area including a first magnetic material and the second area including a non-magnetic material, wherein the first area overlaps the electromagnet; an upper polishing pad that is positioned on the lower polishing pad, includes a second magnetic material, and overlaps the first area; and a polishing head configured to provide a wafer on the upper polishing pad and is rotatable.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an image sensor includes unit pixels, each of the unit pixel including a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel adjacent to the first sub-pixel in a plan view of the image sensor; and a lens array including a first sub-lens area on the first sub-pixel of each unit pixel and a second sub-lens area on the second sub-pixel of each unit pixel. The first sub-lens area may include a first micro lens, and the second sub-lens area includes a second micro lens. In addition, the first micro lens may include a depression defined in a central area thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating blood pressure may include: a photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensor configured to measure a PPG signal from a user; and a processor configured to: extract a cardiovascular feature from the PPG signal; calculate a first variation in the extracted cardiovascular feature compared to a reference cardiovascular feature measured at a reference time; determine a measurement posture of the PPG signal based on a time interval between two waveform components of the PPG signal; in response to the measurement posture corresponding to the reference posture, estimate the blood pressure based on the first variation; and in response to the measurement posture not corresponding to the reference posture, obtain a second variation by correcting the first variation; and estimate blood pressure based on the second variation.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus configured to estimate an antioxidant component, the apparatus including a storage configured to store first antioxidant concentrations estimated at a first body part and second antioxidant concentrations estimated at a second body part, and a processor configured to estimate the first antioxidant concentrations at the first body part, to extract, as training data, data pairs of the first antioxidant concentrations and the second antioxidant concentrations from the storage based on learning conditions, and generate a transformation model configured to transfer the second antioxidant concentrations into a reference index based on the training data.

Abstract: An electronic device for estimating body temperature may include: a sensor including a heat source, a pair of first temperature sensors horizontally spaced apart from each other at two opposing sides of the heat source, and a pair of second temperature sensors vertically spaced apart from the pair of first temperature sensors in a thickness direction of the electronic device; and at least one processor configured to estimate a blood temperature difference based on temperatures measured by the pair of first temperature sensors and the pair of second temperature sensors, and estimate blood flow information based on the estimated blood temperature difference.

Abstract: A storage device includes one or more ports that form an electrical connection with an external device, one or more physical functions including physical resources, and exposed through the one or more ports to communicate with the external device, a storage controller that controls an operation of the storage device, and communicates with the external device through the one or more ports and the one or more physical functions, nonvolatile memories controlled by the storage controller, and a first buffer memory controlled by the storage controller. When the storage device is accessed by the external device, the first buffer memory is used by the one or more ports and the one or more physical functions to temporarily store data for the external device.

Abstract: A method for treating wastewater containing fluorine is disclosed. The method for treating wastewater includes applying a vacuum to a membrane unit including a membrane having a hollow, injecting wastewater into the membrane unit so that the wastewater contacts an outer surface of the membrane, recovering hydrofluoric acid gas by evaporating hydrofluoric acid (HF) in the wastewater based on a vacuum applied to the inner surface of the membrane and moving the evaporated hydrofluoric acid (HF) to the inner surface through the membrane, injecting sweep gas into the membrane unit to discharge hydrofluoric acid gas remaining on the inner surface of the membrane, and forming a metal fluoride by reacting the recovered hydrofluoric acid gas with a metal oxide or metal hydroxide using a scrubbing process.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) nanoprobe device includes a body portion including a plurality of body layers that are stacked, a plurality of nanoprobes respectively extending longitudinally from the body portion, with each of the plurality of nanoprobes comprising a plurality of extension layers that are stacked, and an electrode portion disposed on a portion of the body portion.

Abstract: A computing device obtains first metadata information related to a plurality of items of content and content viewing history information related to a user, generates a first feature vector for the user based on second metadata information related to at least one item of content viewed by the user in the content viewing history information related to the user, generates a plurality of second feature vectors, each of the plurality of second feature vectors corresponding to one of the plurality of items of content based on the first metadata information related to the plurality of items of content, and generate a recommendation including at least one item of content to the user, among the plurality of items of content, based on a result of a comparison between first feature vector for the user and the plurality of second feature vectors of the plurality of items of content.

Abstract: A computing device is provided. The computing device includes an electrode layer comprising a plurality of microelectrode arrays (MEAs), each MEA being configured with electrodes for stimulation and sensing of biological cells; an interposer layer comprising an interposer for a wiring connection between the plurality of MEAs and a substrate of the computing device; a circuit layer comprising a plurality of circuit chips configured to stimulate the cells and store excitement of the cells in response to the stimulation by corresponding electrodes; and a controller configured to control whether or how to connect the plurality of circuit chips to the plurality of MEAs.

Abstract: Provided is a conditioner including a conditioning arm on a polishing pad that is configured to chemically mechanically polish a substrate based on slurry, a conditioning disk on the conditioning arm that is configured to condition the polishing pad, a dilution solution injector on a first side of the conditioning arm and configured to inject a dilution solution to the slurry introduced into a space under the conditioning disk, and a sonicator on a second side of the conditioning arm and configured to apply an ultrasonic wave to debris generated from the polishing pad.

Abstract: Provided is an infrared modulator including a silicon substrate, a multiple buffer layer on the silicon substrate, the multiple buffer layer including indium phosphide (InP), a first type semiconductor layer on the multiple buffer layer, the first type semiconductor layer including InP, a light absorption layer on the first type semiconductor layer, the light absorption layer including a quantum well structure including indium gallium arsenic phosphide (InGaAsP), and a second type semiconductor layer on the light absorption layer, the second type semiconductor layer including InP.