Abstract: A 4-phenyl-4-oxo-2-butenoate derivative is stably supplied in a short period of time, at low cost, in high purity and on an industrial scale by a process for producing the 4-phenyl-4-oxo-2-butenoate derivative, which comprises simultaneously or continuously reacting a sulfuric ester, an aromatic hydrocarbon and a maleic anhydride derivative.

Abstract: Provided are novel specific dipyridyl derivatives as a useful substance or an intermediate in the fields of pharmaceuticals, agrichemicals, ligands, silver halide photosensitive materials, liquid crystals, surfactants, electrophotography and organic electroluminescence.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing high-purity pyridine derivatives in a high yield at a low cost without causing pollution problems. Pyridine derivatives are produced by reacting 1,2,4-triazine compound with a vinyl carboxylate having a specific structure.

Abstract: A process for producing a 2-pyridylpyridine derivative usable as an intermediate for medicines or agricultural chemicals is provided, which does not require expensive metal catalysts, which does not cause environmental problems, and which can be conducted on an industiral scale. The process comprises the step (A) of producing an amidrazone compound from a cyano group-containing heterocyclic compound in water, the step (B) of producing a 1,2,4-triazine compound from the amidrazone compound in water, and the step (C) of producing a 2-pyridylpyridine derivative from the 1,2,4-triazine compound.

Abstract: A process for producing a 2-pyridylpyridine derivative usable as an intermediate for medicines or agricultural chemicals is provided, which does not require expensive special catalysts and special equipment, which does not cause environmental problems, and which can be conducted on an industiral scale. The process comprises reacting an acetyl-substituted pyridine derivative with a 3-amino acrolein, then reacting the reaction product with ammonia or an ammonium salt.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing an iodinated aromatic compound, which comprises reacting an aromatic compound with an iodine compound in the presence of a chlorate as an oxidizing agent.

Abstract: Described is a process for producing a diarylamine, which comprises subjecting an arylamine to condensation reaction in the co-presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride and anhydrous calcium chloride. The process permits the production of a diarylamine in a high yield at a normal pressure while terminating the reaction in a short time; and also permits the production, at a low cost, of a diarylamine having a high purity to be usable sufficiently as an intermediate for the production of a raw material for an electronic material.

Abstract: A method for the production of arylamine is described, which comprises allowing an aromatic amine to react with an aromatic halide in the presence of a copper-containing catalyst in a reaction solvent having an ionization potential of from 8.0 to 9.0 eV. According to the method of this invention, an arylamine, in particular a triarylamine or diarylamine, useful as a raw material for use in electronic materials or as an intermediate thereof can be produced with a high purity and in a high yield or at a low cost.

Abstract: A process for producing an alkyl 3-amino-4-substituted benzoate represented by the following formula (II) is described, in which a 3-amino-4-substituted benzoic acid or an alkali metal salt thereof represented by the following formula (I) is allowed to react with an alkyl halide in the presence of a basic carbonate: ##STR1## wherein R represents an alkyl group, X represents an alkali metal atom or a hydrogen atom, and Y represents an alkoxy group or a halogen atom.

Abstract: An improved method for selectively hydrogenating an alkylphenol to produce the corresponding cis-alkylcyclohexanol by employing a solid catalyst is disclosed. The catalyst useful in this method is a ruthenium catalyst supported on an alumina carrier. This catalyst exhibits excellent reactivity, selectivity and durability in the catalytic hydrogenation compared to conventional rhodium or ruthenium catalysts, such as ruthenium oxide and ruthenium catalysts supported on carbon. The alkylcyclohexanol product contains so much cis-isomer that it is suitable as such for use as an intermediate for the synthesis of varous chemicals, such as perfumes.

Abstract: A compound capable of forming a color on contact with an electron accepting compound and useful as a chromogenic material for recording members represented by the general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein A represents an oxygen atom or a group capable of forming a lactam ring with benzen ring D; Y represents a hydrogen atom or a functional group (such as a halogen atom or a nitro group); and when A is an oxygen atom, R represents an amino, i.e., unsubstituted, group or a substituted amino group; R.sub.1 and R.sub.3, which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a nitro group, an amino group, or a substituted amino group; and R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 may combine with benzene ring C to form a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring condensed therewith; and when A is a group capable of forming a lactam ring with benzene ring D, R represents ##STR2## R.sub.2 represents ##STR3## R.sub.4 ', R.