Abstract: A DNA fragment containing acyB gene coding for an enzyme capable of acylating the 4"-position of a macrolide antibiotic, said DNA fragment being derived from a microorganism of the genus Streptomyces, having a size of about 3.1 kb and being characterized by the restriction endonuclease map shown in FIG. 1 , and a DNA restriction fragment resulting from digestion with a restriction endonuclease; a recombinant DNA plasmid containing this DNA fragment; a microorganism transformed with this recombinant plasmid; and a process for producing a 4"-acylated macrolide antibiotic by using the transformant.

Abstract: An angolamycin derivative represented by the following formula ##STR1## wherein X represents an acetyl, methanesulfonyl, methylthio, benzoyl or methoxy group. This compound is useful as a medicament such as antibacterial agent and an animal feed additive.

Abstract: This invention provides a blood typing training kit comprising a red blood cell model and an antiserum model with no use of human blood in experiments for blood agglutination and in learning of blood typing, the red blood cell model being an easily available granule which can be suspended in water such as agarose bead, Sepharose, cellulose, Sephadex, cellulofine, alginate, tamarind polysaccharide, gelatin, xanthan gum, etc. or the saccharide- or protein-bound form thereof and the antiserum model being lectin, boric acid-containing liquid or immunoglobulin G.

Abstract: 14-Trifluoromethanesulfonyloxydaunomycin represented by the following formula ##STR1## and its salt. This compound is useful as an intermediate for production of adriamycin.

Abstract: A compound represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a lower alkyl group or a lower haloalkyl group; R.sub.2 represents a lower alkyl group, a lower haloalkyl group, an aralkyl group, or a group of the formula --COOR.sub.4 or --SO.sub.2 R.sub.5 in which R.sub.4 represents an aralkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group and R.sub.5 represents an alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; and R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a carboxyl protecting group which can be easily split off. This compound is useful in the production of a 6-(disubstituted amino)carbapenem-series antibiotic.The compounds of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are as defined above are important intermediates for the synthesis of the compounds of formula (I) and/or the aforesaid di-(substituted amino) carbapenem-series antibiotics.

Abstract: Polylactic acid microspheres having an average particle diameter of about 0.1 to 10 .mu.m which are produced from solution containing a physiologically active substance by the solvent-evaporation drying process. The microspheres are produced by emulsifying the solution in a non-solvent by the aid of ultrasonic wave. The microspheres produce a sustained release effect of the physiologically active substance.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing an antibiotic D788-7 wherein, after culturing carborubicin-producing bacteria, the obtained culture liquid is extracted in acidic conditions while stirring to be absorbed to synthetic resin, followed by desorption from the resin and elution with acetone and the resulting acetone solution containing carborubicin is converted into an antibiotic D788-7 by photo radiation, for obtaining D788-7 in the purified form from the reaction solution. The production yield for D788-7 is extremely high and its use as an antitumor agent can be made possible.

Abstract: This invention provides compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein Y represents an acetyl, 1-hydroxyethyl or 1-fluoroethyl group, R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or an easily splittable amino-protecting group, and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are identical or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a phenyl group, a benzyl group or a diphenylmethyl group, or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 together represent a lower alkylene group; and processes for production thereof. These compounds are useful as synthesis intermediates for production of various medicines, particulary carbapenam or carbapenem antibiotics, such as a carbapenem antibiotic of the following formula which has excellent antimicrobial activity and relatively good stability to kidney dehydropeptidase.

Abstract: Tylosin derivatives represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## [wherein R denotes a hydrogen atom, acetyl, propionyl or a radical of Si(R.sup.2).sub.3 (in which R.sup.2 is a lower alkyl group), and R.sup.1 stands for a hydrogen atom or a radical of Si(R.sup.2 .sub.3 ] are useful as intermediates for the synthesis of 4"-acyl derivatives of tylosin because, after introduction of any desired acyl group at the 4"-hydroxyl group, the silyl protective group can be readily removed without liberation of the acyl group. This invention also provides processes for producing the tylosin derivatives. More specifically, it provides a melthod of selectively protecting 2'- and 4"'-hydroxyl groups of tylosin (those of higher reactivity among the hydroxyl groups involved); a method of selectively protecting only the 4"'-hydroxyl group of tylosin; a method of selectively protecting the 3- and 4"'-hydroxyl groups of 2'-O-acyltylosin; and a method of protecting 3-, 2'- and 4"'-hydroxyl groups of tylosin.

Abstract: Disclosed are anthracycline antibiotics of a formula (I): ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydroxyl groups, R.sup.3 is ethyl group, R.sup.4 is methoxycarbonyl group and X represents daunosamine-rhodenose or daunosamine-deoxyfucose; orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydroxyl groups, R.sup.3 is 1-hydroxyethyl group, R.sup.4 is hydrogen atom and X represents daunosamine-rhodenose or daunosamine-deoxyfucose; orR.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are hydroxyl groups, R.sup.3 is ethyl group and X represents daunosamine-rhodenose, daunosamine-deoxyfucose, rhodosamine-rhodenose, N-monomethyldaunosamine-rhodenose or N-monomethyldaunosamine-deoxyfucose; orR.sup.1 is methoxy group, R.sup.2 is hydroxyl group, R.sup.3 is ethyl group, R.sup.4 is methoxycarbonyl group and X represents daunosamine-rhodenose or daunosamine-deoxyfucose; orR.sup.1 and R.sup.4 are hydroxy groups, R.sup.2 is hydrogen atom, R.sup.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of quantitative assay for a vitamin B.sub.12 -containing substance which comprises culturing marine methanol-utilizing bacteria having B.sub.12 auxotrophy in a medium for quantitative assay of the bacteria containing pyrroloquinoline-quinone and a polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester and, quantitatively determining vitamin B.sub.12 in the vitamin B.sub.12 -containing substance as a function of the degree of growth thereof and, to a reagent for the B.sub.12 -containing substance comprising a kit for combination of an ampule or vial having sealed therein a dry viable bacteria composition of a marine methanol-utilizing bacteria for inoculation and an ampule or vial having sealed therein a medium for the bacteria containing pyrroloquinoline-quinone and a polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, or in addition thereto, further an ampule or vial having sealed therein a standard dilution of vitamin B.sub.12 having a serial concentration.

Abstract: New anthracycline antibiotics of a formula (I) are provided, which are usable as an anticancer agent ##STR1## (where R represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group). The antibiotics (I) can be produced by incubation of a dye-nonproductive or hardly dye-productive mutant strain which has an ability of converting .alpha.-citromycinone or .beta.-isorhodomycinone into the antibiotics (I), in the presence of .alpha.-citromycinone or .beta.-isorhodomycinone in a pertinent nutrient medium.

Abstract: Compounds represented by formula ##STR1## wherein Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 are identical or different, and respectively denote benzoylamino groups or phthalimide groups. This compound is useful for inhibition of dipeptidase.

Abstract: A compound represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a lower alkyl group or a lower haloalkyl group; R.sub.2 represents a lower alkyl group, a lower haloalkyl group, an aralkyl group, or a group of the formula --COOR.sub.4 or --SO.sub.2 R.sub.5 in which R.sub.4 represents an alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group and R.sub.5 represents an alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; and R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a carboxyl protecting group which can be easily split off. This compound is useful in the production of a 6-(disubstituted amino)carbapenem-series antibiotic.

Abstract: A cyclodextrin adsorbing material composed of a water-insoluble resin substrate to which a ligand having such a size as to be included by cyclodextrin is chemically bonded via a spacer radical; a method of separating and purifying cyclodextrin from an aqueous solution containing it, which comprises bringing said aqueous solution into contact with the above adsorbing material to adsorb cyclodextrin on the adsorbing material, and subjecting the adsorbing material to a desorption treatment to recover cyclodextrin; and a method of increasing the amount of cyclodextrin yielded, which comprises carrying out a cyclodextrin-forming reaction by an enzymatic method in the presence of the above adsorbent material.

Abstract: An azetidinone derivative of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a formyl group, a carboxyl group, an acetyloxy group or a group of the formula ##STR2## in which R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each represent a lower alkyl group or together represent a lower alkylene group, and Z represents a hydrogen atom or an amino-protecting group.

Abstract: Partially methylated cyclodextrins with enhanced solubility in water have an average degree of methylation of hydroxyl groups at different positions in all the glucose units involved of about 53-64% for the 2-position, about 38-51% for the 3-position and about 70-100% for the 6-position. The partially methylated cyclodextrins are prepared by reacting .beta.-cyclodextrin with more than about 30 equivalent proportions based on the .beta.-cyclodextrin of dimethyl sulfate and more than about 30 equivalent proportions of an alkali metal hydroxide, wherein the concentration of reactants is greater than 10% (wt/wt).

Abstract: The antibiotics designated obelmycins exhibit high proliferation inhibiting action against leukemia cells and are effective as anti-cancer agents.

Abstract: Novel anthracycline antibiotics characteristic of Ring A of the anthracycline skeleton are produced by microorganisms belonging to the genus Streptomyces and are useful as anti-cancer agents.

Abstract: Novel tylosin derivatives are represented by formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, an acetyl group or a propionyl group; X represents a group --CO-- or --SO.sub.2 --; Y represents a fluorine atom, an acetyl group, a methanesulfonyl group, a methylthio group, a benzoyl group or a methoxy group bound to the benzyl group at the 2-position or 4-position; and Z represents a hydrogen atom or a D-mycinose residue: ##STR2## The tylosin derivatives which are antibiotics of macrolide type provide improved antibacterial activity and improved ability of absorption and excretion in vivo.