Abstract: A method for treating retinal vein occlusion involving administering to a patient a pharmacologically effective amount of a compound represented by the following formula (II) or a salt thereof: wherein R1, R2 and R3 are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, or R1 and R3 may be joined together to form a ring having one or more double bonds.

Abstract: A method for treating diabetic retinopathy involving topically administering to an eye of a patient a pharmacologically effective amount of a compound represented by the following formula [II] or a salt thereof: wherein R1, R2 and R3 are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, or R1 and R3 may be joined together to form a ring having one or more double bonds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ophthalmic aqueous composition containing PGF2? analogues for treating ocular hypertension and glaucoma, to a method for treating ocular hypertension and glaucoma by administering said composition to a subject in need of such treatment, and to a method for increasing aqueous solubility and stability of PGF2? analogues in an aqueous composition.

Abstract: A method of treating a disease associated with angiogenesis by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound represented by the formula (1) or a salt thereof wherein the ring X represents R1 and R2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl, an aryl or an aromatic heterocyclic; R3 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxy, an alkoxy, an aryloxy, an alkyl, an aryl, an amino, an alkylamino, a cycloalkylamino, an arylamino, an alkylcarbonylamino, an arylcarbonylamino, a mercapto, an alkylthio, an arylthio, an alkylsulfinyl or a nonaromatic heterocyclic; A1 represents a sulfur atom, a sulfinyl or a sulfonyl; and A2 represents an alkylene.

Abstract: The present invention relates to synthetic studies on novel indole derivatives having a carbamoyl group, a ureido group and a substituted oxy group or a salt thereof, and pharmaceutical actions of the derivatives. The compound and a salt thereof represented by the general formula (1) has an IKK? inhibitory activity and is useful as a preventive and/or therapeutic agent for diseases considered to be associated with IKK?.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for detecting a disease accompanied with neuropathy such as glaucoma, comprising measuring and/or detecting one or more of polypeptides shown in SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 15, mutants thereof, or fragments thereof in a biological sample from a subject, and also to a composition or kit for diagnosis of a disease accompanied with neuropathy such as glaucoma.

Abstract: The present invention is related to glucocorticoid receptor agonists comprised of a compound represented by formula (1) which is 2,2,4-trimethyl-6-phenyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline derivative or a salt thereof and novel pharmacological effects of the glucocorticoid receptor agonists. In the formula (1), R1 represents formula (2a), (3a), (4a) or (5a); R2 represents —(CO)—R8, —(CO)O—R9, or the like; R2—O— is substituted at the 4- or -5-position of benzene ring A; R3 represents a lower alkyl group; R4, R5, R6 or R7 represents a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group which may have a substituent, or the like; m, n, p or q represents 0, 1 or the like; R8, R9 or the like represents a lower alkyl group which may have a substituent, a lower alkenyl group, or the like.

Abstract: A method of stabilizing latanoprost in an ophthalmic solution containing 0.005% (W/V) of latanoprost to be stored to be stored at room temperature (i) by adding 0.1 to 2% (W/V) of ?-aminocaproic acid to the solution or (ii) by adding 0.1 to 2% (W/V) of ?-aminocaproic acid and adjusting the pH of the solution to 5.0 to 6.25.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pharmacological action of a compound which functions as a PPAR? agonist on the barrier function of the corneal epithelium. A PPAR? agonist such as rivoglitazone, DRF-2593, GW-544 or BMS-298585 exhibits an excellent effect of enhancing the corneal epithelial barrier function in a test for enhancement of corneal epithelial barrier function, and therefore is useful as a preventive agent or a therapeutic agent for ocular infection or ocular unidentified complaint caused by a decrease in the corneal epithelial barrier function. Further, the PPAR? agonist can enhance the corneal epithelial barrier function of diabetic patients, patients with decreased corneal epithelial barrier function due to aging and patients who underwent refractive surgery such as PRK (photorefractive keratectomy) or LASIK (laser in situ keratomileusis) or cataract surgery.

Abstract: A compound having the following formula wherein A is —O—; B is alkylene or alkenylene optionally containing —O—, —S—, —(NR7)—, —CO— or —N?; R1 and R2 are alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, cycloalkyl, aryl, adamantyl or amino; R3 is a substituted or unsubstituted pyridine ring; R5 and R6 are hydrogen or alkyl; R7 is hydrogen or alkyl; X is O or S; and each hydrogen of the said amino is unsubstituted or substituted by alkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, cycloalkyloxycarbonyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl or halogenoalkyloxycarbonyl. The compound is a TNF-? production inhibitor that is useful for treating autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a solvent which is able to produce microparticles where content of the drug is still high and no initial burst takes place even when a drug having a low solubility in a halogenated hydrocarbon solvent is used. The present invention provides a process for production by a solvent-evaporation microencapsulation method, of microparticles which are composed of biodegradable polymer and contain a drug having a low solubility in a halogenated hydrocarbon, which is characterized in that the drug and the biodegradable polymer are dissolved in a mixed solvent comprising a first solvent: halogenated hydrocarbon, and a second solvent: a water-immiscible organic solvent in which solubility of the above-mentioned drug is 0.3% (w/v) or more.

Abstract: The present invention relates to synthetic studies of a novel thiophenediamine derivative having a urea structure and to finding pharmaceutical actions thereof. The present invention provides a compound represented by the following general formula (1) or a salt thereof. In the formula (1), R1 and R2 are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group which may have a substituent, etc. R3 represents a hydroxy group, a lower alkoxy group which may have a substituent, a lower cycloalkyloxy group which may have a substituent, etc. R4 and R5 are the same or different and represent a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a hydroxy group, etc. X represents a lower alkylene group which may have a substituent, etc. Y represents a single bond or a lower alkylene group which may have a substituent, etc. W1-W2 represents N—CH, CH—N, etc. and l and m are the same or different and represent 0, 1, etc.

Abstract: The present invention has its object to study synthesis of novel cyclic compounds having a pyrimidinylalkylthio group and to find pharmacological actions of the compounds. According to the present invention, a compound represented by the formula (1) or a salt thereof is provided. In the formula, the ring X represents: R1 and R2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aromatic heterocyclic group or the like; R3 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an amino group, an alkylamino group or the like; A1 represents a sulfur atom or the like; and A2 represents an alkylene group.

Abstract: A therapeutic method for treating a skin wound involving administering to a patient in need thereof a composition containing pharmaceutically effective amounts of the following components: (1) a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by Ser-Ser-Ser-Arg (SEQ ID NO: 1) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and (2) a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by Phe-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 2) or substance P or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable additive.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a synthesis study of novel cyclic compounds having a quinolylalkylthio group represented by the formula (1), and pharmacological actions of the compounds. In the formula, the ring X represents: which may have halogen and/or alkyl; R1 and R2 independently represent hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or a (non) aromatic heterocycle; R3 represents qinolyl; A represents sulfur, sulfinyl or sulfonyl; and B represents alkylene.

Abstract: A method for treating a disease in which Rho kinase is involved. The method is carried out by administering to a patient in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of the following formula or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein the ring X is a benzene ring or a pyridine ring; R1 and R2 are hydrogen or alkyl or together form a cycloalkene ring; R3 is hydrogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkenyl, carboxyl or an ester or an amide thereof, amino or a cyano; R4 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, unsubstituted alkenyloxy, unsubstituted cycloalkyloxy substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkenyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, amino, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino, nitro, cyano or a monocyclic heterocycle; and R5 is a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom.

Abstract: A clear ophthalmic solution containing latanoprost having a concentration of 0.005% (W/V), 0.003 to 0.01% (W/V) benzalkonium chloride and at least one agent selected from the group consisting of glycerin, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol and trehalose, wherein the agent is in a concentration to make the solution isotonic. A method of preventing white turbidity in an ophthalmic solution containing latanoprost having a concentration of 0.005% (W/V) and 0.003 to 0.01% (W/V) benzalkonium chloride, the method involving adding to the solution at least one agent selected from the group consisting of glycerin, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol and trehalose, wherein the agent is in a concentration to make the solution isotonic.

Abstract: A method for treating a disease in which Rho kinase is involved. The method is carried out by administering to a patient in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of the following formula or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein the ring X is a benzene ring or a pyridine ring; R1 and R2 are hydrogen or alkyl or together form a cycloalkene ring; R3 is hydrogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkenyl, carboxyl or an ester or an amide thereof, amino or a cyano; R4 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, unsubstituted alkenyloxy, unsubstituted cycloalkyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkenyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, amino, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino, nitro, cyano or a monocyclic heterocycle; and R5 is a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom.

Abstract: A method of enhancing ocular penetration of a drug in an eyedrop by administering to an eye, an eyedrop containing, particulate agar having a weight-average molecular weight of from 5,000 to 1,200,000, the particulate agar being obtained by dissolving agar into an aqueous solution by heating and then cooling the resultant mixture to avoid gelling, while applying a stress by vibration, shearing, stirring, compression or pulverizing, wherein the particulate agar is in an amount of 0.1 to 10 wt %.

Abstract: A liquid storage container (eyedrops container) comprises a container body having a liquid storage portion for containing medical liquid therein, and an instilling portion for allowing the medical liquid to flow out in an opened stage. An aerating device having a filter element and a check valve for allowing ambient air to flow in from outside and preventing the liquid from flowing out to the outside is installed at the bottom of the container body. Further, a cap having an opening member and a valve member is mountable on the container body.