Abstract: A remotely controlled biometric based mechanism for security systems includes a remote security lock and uses an Onsite Controller (OC) and a plurality of Remote Controllers (RCs). Further, the OC is located at the site of the lock and the RCs may be located away from the site of the lock. The remote security lock employs 2-factor authentication mechanisms using smartcard access and biometric inputs. Randomized selection of a subset of controllers (RCs) who operate the lock is performed. The randomization enhances the scalability of the system, while keeping the security strength of the system as that of choosing the full set of controllers for operating the lock. A measure for determining the security level is also included, where the measure chosen is the number of controls that need to be broken to gain access to the controlled resource.

Abstract: This invention relates to the field of vibration switches, and more particularly to vibration switches used for DC to DC switching conversion. DC to DC convertors use an electrical switch like MOSFET/transistor for conversion to switched DC. The MOSFET/transistor requires a power source for the switching action. A vibration switch comprising of metal or conductive polymer strip can be used for the switching action in a DC to DC convertor. The strip is bent by using a small weight attached to one end. When exposed to vibration beyond a certain threshold the metal strip oscillates and performs multiple switching operations by connecting to the contact terminal. The switched DC thus produced could be filtered to generate a DC output. This switch does not require power for operation. The vibration sensitivity and frequency of oscillations of the switch can be controlled using the hardness of the material used.

Abstract: A multiparty controlled remote security lock is disclosed. The embodiments herein relate to security systems and, more particularly, to remotely controlled biometric based mechanisms in security systems. In order to operate the remote security lock at least one OC and a plurality of RCs are employed. Further, the OC is located at the site of the lock and the RCs may be located away from the site of the lock. The remote security lock employs 2-factor authentication mechanisms using smartcard access and biometric means. A method for randomized selection of a subset of controllers (RCs) who operate the lock is used. The randomization enhances the scalability of the system, while keeping the security strength of the system as that of choosing the full set of controllers for operating the lock.

Abstract: A method and circuit for high-speed current switching includes altering the operating voltage of the Current Source using a resistor in non-transmission mode, turning parasitic capacitive coupling into an advantage for faster settling of CS gate bias voltage. The resistor is designed to compensate for the voltage coupling when the Current Source is switched to Transmit mode. This greatly improves the settling time of current and bias voltage of the Current Source transistor without adding any complex circuit and saves 100% of power consumed in non-transmit mode.

Abstract: A method and system for automatic gain control of a speech signal in a communication system are disclosed. The gain of the speech signal can be controlled, based on a calculated gain value. This gain value is calculated on the basis of energy calculation and speech activity identification in the speech signal which is done by means of the encoder. Encoding the gain controlled speech signal for transmission follows the step of gain control.

Abstract: A circuit for converting frequency domain information to time domain information includes an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform circuit having a length of N coefficients. The Inverse Fast Fourier Transform circuit is adapted to receive input data of length N coefficients and generate output data of length N coefficients that are circularly shifted by m coefficients. The circuit also includes Cyclical Prefix Insertion circuit adapted to insert a cyclical prefix of length m. The Cyclical Prefix Insertion circuit includes a first switch, connected to the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform circuit, a buffer, having an input connected to the first switch and an output, the buffer having a length m, and a second switch, coupled to the first switch and to the buffer. The first and second switches selectively couple the output of the buffer and the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform circuit to an output of the second switch. The buffer is reduced to length m.

Abstract: A method, system and computer program product for computationally efficient estimation of the scale factors of one or more frequency bands in an encoder. These scale factors are dependant on a plurality of variables. One of the variables is approximated according to embodiments of the invention. This reduces the complexity of the estimation of scale factors, especially in digital signal processors.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for improving communication in an optical communication system having spectrally shaped pulses. Embodiments of the systems and methods include sending a first spectrally shaped pulse over a channel connecting a transmitter and a receiver. Then, comparing the spectrally shaped pulse received at the receiver to a predetermined spectrally shaped pulse. The systems and methods further include obtaining a preemphasis coefficient that describes the difference between the spectrally shaped pulse received at the receiver to the predetermined spectrally shaped pulse by utilizing a mathematical description of C(?k)ej(??(?k)) and multiplying a second spectrally shaped pulse with the preemphasis coefficient before sending the second spectrally shaped pulse to the receiver.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention is a method for combining a direct sequence spread spectrum signal comprising signal components that each may be characterized with a space variable and a time variable comprising the steps of: despreading said signal components; and determining a set of combining coefficients from said signal components using a Minimum Mean Square Error combining method that considers said space and time variables of the signal components in parallel. The Minimum Mean Square Error combining methods may utilize iterative methods such as the Least Mean Squares method or the Recursive Least Squares method.

Abstract: A method and system for synchronization between a transmitter and a receiver in a communication system is provided. The receiver receives a plurality of signals from the transmitter. According to this method, a frequency burst is detected in the received signal at the receiver. The detected frequency burst is then validated on the basis of a synchronization burst in the received signal. Finally, the frequency and timing information present in the received signal is acquired for synchronization with the transmitter. The frequency and timing information is acquired on the basis of the validated frequency burst.

Abstract: A system for transmitting data is provided. The system includes a first station having a processor to format source data into data frames and idle frames, and a module to transmit the data and idle frames. A second station is in communication with the first station and has a module to receive the data frames and idle frames and a processor configured to detect an absence of an expected data frame, transmit a plurality of repeat negative acknowledgements if the absent expected data frame is not received, transmit a negative acknowledgement corresponding to the absent expected data frame, determine whether a rate of idle frames exceeds a predetermined threshold and reduce transmission of repeat negative acknowledgements when the rate of idle frames does not exceed the predetermined threshold. The first station may be a base station and the second station may be a mobile station.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention is a method for combining a direct sequence spread spectrum signal comprising signal components that each may be characterized with a space variable and a time variable comprising the steps of: despreading said signal components; and determining a set of combining coefficients from said signal components using a Minimum Mean Square Error combining method that considers said space and time variables of the signal components in parallel. The Minimum Mean Square Error combining methods may utilize iterative methods such as the Least Mean Squares method or the Recursive Least Squares method.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention is a method for combining a direct sequence spread spectrum signal comprising signal components that each may be characterized by a space variable and a time variable comprising the steps of: dispreading the signal components; and determining a set of combining coefficients from the signal components using a Minimum Mean Square Error combining method that considers the space and time variables of the signal components in parallel. The Minimum Mean Square Error combining methods may utilize iterative methods such as the Least Mean Squares method or the Recursive Least Squares method.

Abstract: A system for automatically downloading radio or protocol personalities over defined channels to a mobile terminal. The system includes an adaptable terminal, a spatial location service for providing geographic location information to the associated terminal, at least one component repository, and a server directory. The component repository includes at least one downloadable component and a service template that defines the service attributes of said downloadable component, The terminal includes a location module in communication with the spatial location service to define the geographic location of the mobile terminal. A User Agent for locates downloadable components in the defined geographic location using a service request that enumerates the service needs of mode attributes.

Abstract: A method of transmitting a data bit stream on a multi-carrier transmission system is provided. The steps include estimating a signal to noise ratio for each carrier for a known transmit power for each carrier, allocating a quantity of bits for each carrier within limits imposed by a target bit error rate and the estimated signal to noise ratio, computing a total excess power available for a current allocation of bits, computing additional power that would be required by each carrier to carry additional bits, and allocating the total excess power based on the computation of additional power required by each carrier to carry additional bits. The computation of additional power needed may be performed by computing the additional gain necessary to carry additional bits or by computing the additional excess power necessary to carry additional bits.

Abstract: A circuit for converting frequency domain information to time domain information includes an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform circuit having a length of N coefficients. The Inverse Fast Fourier Transform circuit is adapted to receive input data of length N coefficients and generate output data of length N coefficients that are circularly shifted by m coefficients. The circuit also includes Cyclical Prefix Insertion circuit adapted to insert a cyclical prefix of length m. The Cyclical Prefix Insertion circuit includes a first switch, connected to the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform circuit, a buffer, having an input connected to the first switch and an output, the buffer having a length m, and a second switch, coupled to the first switch and to the buffer. The first and second switches selectively couple the output of the buffer and the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform circuit to an output of the second switch. The buffer is reduced to length m.