Abstract: Described within are systems and methods for transliterating and translating source non-Romanized language text strings from a plurality of electronic sources to Romanized target language text strings by converting the source non-Romanized language text strings to a standard document encoding format, splitting the source non-Romanized language text strings into smaller units, transforming the smaller units into entity profiles, processing the entities profiles with data from external databases, translating the entities in the entity profiles into a Romanized target language, and outputting the entities into a plurality of data formats for external systems.

Abstract: In a threat management system and method for managed systems, leveraging of identifications and/or assessments of common threats, and/or valuation of assets which may be susceptible to common threats, can be applied to facilitate monitoring of customer compliance with policies needed to guard against threats to customer assets. Threat identification and response in managed systems may be tailored for different customers, in some instances without having to parse individual customer details, such as assets at risk and types of threats to those assets.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and protocols are described for securing data in transit over networks. A communication session is initiated between a client and a server. One or more communication channels can be set up between the client and the server. Each established communication channel may have zero or more intermediary nodes that are selected by the client or by the server to process information exchanged between the client and the server via the communication channels.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing disaster recovery services to enterprise customers of virtual computing services are described. Disaster recovery services may be provided in data centers that also provide primary computing services to enterprise customers. Disaster recovery services may be distributed across the data centers, such that no dedicated disaster recovery site exists. In addition, disaster recovery services may be provided such that each of the enterprise customers receiving primary services at a given data center may be distributed across the remaining data centers for disaster recovery purposes.

Abstract: Data files are distributed across a plurality of computers. The computers may form a network such as a content delivery network (CDN) or a peer-to-peer network. The network may operate as a TCP/IP network such as the Internet. Data files may represent may represent digital messages, images, videos or audio signals. For content—data items or files in the system—a name is obtained (or determined), where the name is based, at least in part, on a given function of the data in a data item or file. The given function may be a message digest or hash function, and it may be MD4, MD5, and SHA. A cony of a requested file is only provided to licensed (or authorized) parties. The system may check one or more computers for unauthorized or unlicensed content. Content is served based on a measure of availability of servers.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for dynamically discovering and utilizing an optimized network path through overlay routing for the transmission of data. A determination whether to use a default network path or to instead use an alternate data forwarding path through one or more overlay nodes is based on real-time measurement of costs associated with the alternative paths, in response to a user request for transmission of message data to a destination on the network. Cost metrics include delay, throughput, jitter, loss, and security. The system chooses the best path among the default forwarding path and the multiple alternate forwarding paths, and implements appropriate control actions to force data transmission along the chosen path. No modification of established network communication protocols is required.