Abstract: The latent heat of condensation released by condensing a process vapor is captured in a fluid contained in a latent heat recirculating system; the captured heat is returned by the fluid to the body of process liquid for continued vaporization.
Abstract: Algae yield in a body of aqueous nutrient solution is increased by means of a nutrient thin-film surface culture substrate cycling between an illumination area and a non-illuminated refractory area in a closed system while feeding on the nutrient solution and CO.sub.2. Illumination includes both light and/or electric ionic reduction.
Abstract: The latent heat of condensation released by condensing a process vapor is captured in a fluid contained in a latent heat recirculating system; the captured heat is returned by the fluid to the body of process liquid for continued vaporization.