Abstract: Techniques for dynamically generating a trust level for an IoT device are described. A plurality of characteristics for a first device of a first device type are analyzed against a set of expected characteristics of the first device type. Embodiments monitor runtime behavior of the first device over a window of time to collect runtime behavior data and analyze the runtime behavior data for the first device to determine whether the device is operating in a manner consistent with the first device type. Upon determining that the analyzed plurality of characteristics is consistent with the set of expected characteristics and that the first device is operating in a manner consistent with the first device type, embodiments generate a security profile for the first device designating the first device as a trusted device.

Abstract: A system and method are provided to detect a fault on a circuit. A current sensor is provided for sensing current on at least one line conductor and/or a neutral conductor on a circuit, and a switch is operated between at least first and second positions to selectively control a signal pathway on the at least one line conductor or the neutral conductor in relations to the sensor. The sensor performs a first current measurement corresponding to current across one conductor from the at least one line conductor and the neutral conductor in the first position, and a second current measurement corresponding to a current balance or imbalance between the conductors in the second position. The current sensor outputs the first current measurement for detecting an arc fault in the first position, or the second current measurement for detecting a ground fault in the second position.

Abstract: The line power and neutral conductors for a circuit interrupter such as a miniature circuit breaker, using ground fault sensing via a current transformer, are arranged as a rigid conductor formed from a flat plate and surrounding and holding an insulated flexible conductor when passing through the Ground Fault Interrupter current transformer. The rigid conductor can provide a shaped current path to maximize the effectiveness of the current transformer.

Abstract: A grounding system for a rackable circuit breaker includes a finger cluster connector connected to a grounding bus in the circuit breaker and a rail conductor mounted in a circuit breaker cradle and connected to ground potential. The finger cluster connector includes a conductor formed from a single plate of conductive material folded into a generally U-shaped body with first and second sides divided into a plurality of fingers. Distal ends of the fingers form mutually facing parallel surfaces of a constricted passage configured to make a sliding electrical contact with the rail conductor that is advanced into the constricted passage as the circuit breaker is racked into the cradle. First and second leaf springs fastened to the conductor portion are divided into a plurality of spring finger sections with spring distal ends configured to respectively press against the distal ends of respective fingers of the conductor portion.

Abstract: A crank arm of an auxiliary rotary switch in a circuit breaker changes electrical connections of contacts in the auxiliary rotary switch when the crank-arm is rotated about its axis. An auxiliary switch actuator decouples abrupt forces from being applied to the crank arm resulting from closing main contacts of the circuit breaker. In response to the main contacts starting to close, the crank arm is set into rotation by motion of a connection-state link that is coupled to the main contacts. The rotation of the crank arm continues up to a point at which the rotation is stopped, while the connection-state link continues its motion without being connected to the crank arm. In this manner, the connection-state link is decoupled from the crank arm, to relieve the crank arm from receiving the abrupt forces conducted by the connection-state link resulting from the main circuit breaker contacts closing.

Abstract: A draw out circuit breaker has a reduced partial discharge in insulation surrounding a primary stab bus. A circular disk plate on one end of the bus includes tapped inserts located at a radial separation distance from the bus. An insulator sleeve surrounding the bus is formed to encapsulate the tapped inserts. Raised embosses on the circular disk plate separate the end portion of the insulator sleeve by a gap distance from the inward facing surface of the disk plate. The increased gap distance reduces formation of a triple point region between the surface of the disk plate and the insulator sleeve, thereby reducing occurrence of partial discharges in the insulator sleeve near the gap.

Abstract: A connector assembly is provided for facilitating live connection of equipment in a switchgear. The assembly includes two circular plates, and conductive fingers which are arranged and spaced apart around the two plates to form a finger cluster with first open-end on a first cluster end and second open-end on an opposite second cluster end. Each open-end can receive a conductor therein. Each finger can include a first finger end and an opposite second finger end which form respective first and second cluster ends; two first interior grooves which are spaced-apart on an interior surface to receive a portion of respective plates; and first and second exterior grooves on an exterior surface around the first and second finger ends respectively. The assembly also includes first and second garter springs which are arranged around the fingers in respective first and second exterior grooves to apply a force against the fingers.

Abstract: A circuit breaker with an integrated motorized racking mechanism, automatically provides electrical power to the racking motor when the breaker is inserted into a breaker compartment. The racking motor remains powered when the breaker is in either a disconnected position, a testing position, or a fully connected position. A racking power plug mounted within the circuit breaker conducts electrical power to the racking motor by automatically connecting to a stationary racking power receptacle mounted in the breaker compartment, and remains connected as the circuit breaker moves through the breaker compartment during the racking operation. A control power plug is mounted in the circuit breaker to connect to a stationary control power receptacle mounted in the breaker compartment and to conduct control power to control circuits in the circuit breaker after the racking motor has completed racking the circuit breaker into the connected position in the breaker compartment.

Abstract: A compact auxiliary connector can include two bushings each with an electrical connector(s), and a tubing connected between the two bushings to insulate an electrical cable, which is connected between electrical connectors of the two bushings. The electrical connector of each of the two bushings can be connected to an electrical device, a line or load bus or a combination thereof, according to the desired connection configuration. Each bushing may also include a flexible joint cover, such as a boot, to cover the connection of the bushing connectors to a bus, such as a primary bus. The compact auxiliary connector can manage live connections between auxiliary or other device(s) and line/load buses in a switchgear cabinet of a switchgear assembly. The bushings, tubing and flexible joint cover can be formed of insulating materials having desired dielectric strength according to the voltage applications.

Abstract: A diagnostic device includes electrical connectors, load, power supply, switching circuitry, sensors, and processor. The connectors include first and second sets of terminals for connecting to the conductors of a branch circuit in an upstream and downstream direction, respectively, at an outlet location along the circuit. The switching circuitry can isolate the upstream and downstream sections of the circuit from the outlet location, and selectively connect or disconnect the power supply or the load to the upstream or downstream section. The sensors measure electrical characteristics on the conductors of the circuit to monitor load currents, such as on power, neutral and ground lines, of the upstream and downstream circuit sections. The processor controls the switching circuitry, and obtains diagnostic information corresponding to the monitored load currents on the upstream and downstream sections of the branch circuit, from the measurements performed by the sensors.

Abstract: A circuit breaker can include a light source, an optical sensor, a handle and a processor. The handle can be movable between different handle positions which correspond to different circuit breaker statuses. The handle can include a handle body and a light control plate which moves along with the handle body. The light control plate can have different light passage regions each of which is configured to be positioned between the light source and the optical sensor when the handle is moved to a corresponding one of the different handle positions. Each of the different light passage regions allows a different amount of light emitted from the light source to pass to the sensor when positioned between the light source and the sensor. The processor is configured to determine a status of the circuit breaker based on the sensed amount of light which relates to a position of the handle.

Abstract: A method to automatically optimize waveform captures from an electrical system includes capturing at least one energy-related waveform using at least one Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) in the electrical system. The at least one captured energy-related waveform is analyzed to determine if the at least one captured energy-related waveform is capable of being compressed, while maintaining relevant attributes for characterization, analysis and/or other use. In response to determining the at least one captured energy-related waveform is capable of being compressed, while maintaining relevant attributes for characterization, analysis, and/or use, the at least one captured energy-related waveform may be compressed using at least one compression technique to generate at least one compressed energy-related waveform. One or more actions may be taken based on or using the at least one compressed energy-related waveform.

Abstract: Systems and methods for improving identification of issues associated with detecting anomalous conditions (e.g., electrical transient voltages) in electrical systems are disclosed herein. The anomalous conditions may be difficult to discern, for example, due to metering constraints of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) responsible for identifying the anomalous conditions in the electrical systems. In one aspect of this disclosure, a method to automatically identify metering constraints of one or more IEDs in an electrical system includes capturing at least one energy-related waveform using at least one of the IEDs in the electrical system, and processing electrical measurement data from, or derived from, the at least one energy-related waveform to identify anomalous characteristics in the electrical system. The anomalous characteristics may be indicative of an anomalous condition in the electrical system, for example.

Abstract: Systems and methods for evaluating electrical phasors to identify, assess and mitigate selected power quality issues are disclosed herein. A method in accordance with one embodiment of this disclosure includes capturing or deriving at least one energy-related signal using one or more Intelligent Electronic Devices in an electrical system, and processing electrical measurement data from, or derived from, the at least one energy-related signal to identify anomalous characteristics in the electrical system. In response to identifying the anomalous characteristics in the electrical system, a degree of voltage phase jump and a voltage sag magnitude may be determined based on or using the identified anomalous characteristics. The degree of the voltage phase jump and the voltage sag magnitude may be displayed on at least one phasor diagram, and the at least one phasor diagram may be analyzed to determine most optimal/cost-effective apparatus(es) to mitigate at least one of the identified anomalous characteristics.

Abstract: A measurement module receives crosstalk compensation factors that include distance factors based on respective distances of a current sensor of the module from respective current sensors of other measurement modules and phase difference factors based on respective differences between the phase of a source current measured by the module and respective phases of source currents measured by the other modules. The module monitors messages reporting current measurements transmitted from the other modules connected to a broadcast bus, of current measurements made by respective current sensors of the other modules measuring other respective source currents. The module determines a reported current that is computed as a function of current measurement by the module's current sensor, reported current measurements monitored from the other modules, and the received crosstalk compensation factors. The module transmits the determined reported current over the broadcast bus to the other modules and a central controller.

Abstract: A system for measuring electrical network parameters may include a voltage sensing node of an electrical network with a first clock and a current sensing node of the electrical network with a second clock. At least one of the voltage sensing node and the current sensing node synchronizes the first clock with the second clock. The voltage sensing node samples a voltage signal from a voltage transducer and the current sensing node samples a plurality of current signals from respective current transducers. The voltage sensing node resamples the sampled voltage signal to determine corresponding resampled voltage signals, and the current sensing node resamples each of the sampled current signals to determine corresponding resampled current signals. The voltage sensing node communicates (1) corresponding re-sampled voltage signals and (2) a voltage time stamp based on the synchronized first clock associated with the sampled voltage signal to the current sensing node through a communication link.

Abstract: A measurement module receives a defined system topology and system component characteristics information for a system. The measurement module calculates an expected system impedance for the defined system topology. The measurement module collects one or more impedance measurements using a high frequency voltage stimulus. Finally, the measurement module compares the one or more impedance measurements with the expected system impedance to determine adequacy of protective grounding of the system.

Abstract: Techniques for providing a distributed standards registry are provided. A DSR system may include a plurality of distributed standards registry participants that are collectively configured to provide control logic for the distributed standards registry using a consensus voting mechanism to make control decisions. The DSR system includes include a distributed ontology model library maintained on the plurality of distributed standards registry participants and storing a plurality of ontology models, and a distributed federation broker registry maintained across the plurality of distributed standards registry participants.

Abstract: A distributed energy resources compartment for an electrical panel is pre-wired for installation of a photovoltaic system for a residence. The compartment is mounted on a back plate in the interior of an electrical cabinet. A pre-wired connection within the compartment is configured to connect to a solar circuit breaker within the electrical cabinet, connected as a back-feed circuit breaker to an electrical panel. An opening on a backside of the compartment adjacent to the back plate of the electrical cabinet, is configured to receive connections within the compartment from a solar inverter, through the back plate of the electrical cabinet when the solar inverter is mounted to the back plate of the electrical cabinet.

Abstract: A measurement module uses harmonic compensation factors to minimize the effects of harmonic distortion in measurements of a source current by a current sensor of the module. The module samples at a first sampling rate, measurements of the source current to generate a first current measurement. The module samples at a second sampling rate higher than the first sampling rate, for an interval of time, measurements of the source current to generate a second current measurement. The module determines a harmonic compensation factor based, at least, on a difference between the first current measurement and the second current measurement. The module determines a reported current computed as a function of at least the first current measurement, the difference between the first current measurement and the second current measurement, and the harmonic compensation factor. The reported current represents a magnitude of the source current adjusted by the harmonic compensation factor.