Abstract: An ozonizer is disclosed, having a first electrode and a second electrode between which a discharge gap is formed, a dielectric being arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode. The dielectric comprises a support element made of glass or glass ceramic, onto which a thin dielectric film on the order of up to 100 &mgr;m is applied. The use of glass or glass ceramic as the dielectric, in conjunction with an additional thin ceramic dielectric film, allows a considerable improvement in the ozone concentration in the carrier gas, simultaneously with a good ozone yield.

Abstract: A single rod measuring probe has a hollow probe portion which contains an electrolyte solution and an electrical connector plug. The hollow probe portion and electrical connector plug are joined by a refill unit which receives the probe portion and plug in opposite ends thereof. The refill unit includes a lateral opening for filling the probe portion with electrolyte solution and a slidable cover for closing the opening. The slidable cover includes an elastic seal which seals the lateral opening when the cover is over the lateral opening. Preferably, the refill unit is non-circular in cross-section to facilitate venting.

Abstract: A cartridge-shaped reference element for potentiometric measuring systems exhibits a hollow body (20) as well as first and second sealed ends (30, 40) and a chamber (60). A silver electrode is provided as at least partial coating (50) of the inner surface of hollow body (20) bordering chamber (60), and coating (50) and protruding from chamber (60) so that a potential relating to the reference element can be measured.

Abstract: A process and a device for determining the viscosities of liquids are described, which work quickly, reliably and accurately. The process according to the invention makes use of the fact that disturbing effects are eliminated when measuring the change in the rate of flow of the liquid from the viscometer, while utilizing the change in the hydrostatic pressure during viscosity measurement and that the viscosities can be reliably determined from the measured data by the Hagen-Poiseuille law. The viscometer according to the invention is designed so that the hydrostatic pressure change during measurement is maximal.

Abstract: A capillary viscometer in which the liquid meniscus is detected by sensing electrical resistance changes in hermetically sealed electrical resistors which are spaced apart at the two levels in the measuring tube in which the meniscus is to be detected. The resistors are encased in glass and the electrical leads to these resistors are passed through glass tubes to a cable connector.