Abstract: A planar lightwave guide with light-conducting core zones in light conducting strips is made by the precipitation out of a gaseous phase onto a substrate a thin, glass-like strata in accordance with a programmed schedule so as to allow a predetermined refractive index curve to be obtained to thereby form a light-conducting core zone and protective sheathing layers adjacent to the core zone. The improvement in the method is characterized in that the precipitation out of the gaseous phase is obtained by application of a heterogeneous reaction and in that after the formation of the light-conducting strips, the refractive index of the core-forming strata is modified in a targeted manner in a lateral marginal region of the strips by diffusing out the doping substance which determines the refractive index curve in the core zones. Subsequently these strips and the substrate are coated with a covering layer of a material having a lower refractive index than that of the core zone material.

Abstract: In an electrochromatic, transparent layer system comprising at least one electrochromatic layer (2), two electrodes (3, 5) separated by a hydrogen ion supplying layer which simultaneously is a hydrogen ion storing layer (4), there is located, seen in the direction of light incidence through the layer system, a further hydrogen ion conducting layer (6) (e.g. of SiO.sub.2) behind the electrode (5), behind which a further electrode (7) is arranged. The electrode (7) is capable of oxidizing hydrogen diffusing from within the system into hydrogen ions. For this purpose, a protective voltage is applied between electrode (5) and electrode (7) such that the third electrode (7) forms the positive pole.

Abstract: A method of making a planar lightwave-guide with light-conducting core zones by precipitation out of a gaseous phase a thin, glass-like strata onto a substrate in accordance with a controlled schedule so as to allow a predetermined refractive index curve to be obtained to thereby form a light-conducting core zone and sheathing layer adjacent to the core zone. The improvement is characterized in that the precipitation out of the gaseous phase is obtained by application of a heterogeneous reaction and in that initially a first layer with a doping medium which decreases the refractive index is applied to the substrate and thereafter a masking layer is applied on top of the first layer to act as a diffusion barrier with respect to the doping medium. The masking layer is structured by conventional masking technology in accordance with a desired strip or band pattern.

Abstract: A flatpack package for hermetic encapsulation of piezoelectronic components, which flatpack is suitable for use in efficient and automated surface mounting (SMT). The flatpack package consists of a base plate, a cover plate and a mounting unit of two support frames between which are placed lamellar connecting leads leading into the package. The leads serve both for mechanical holding of the quartz resonator disk and as the electrical connection thereof. All the package parts are produced from glass, are connected to one another by using solder glass as a sealing material. The parts are dilathermally matched with one another.

Abstract: A highly refractive optical glass (n.sub.d .gtoreq.1.83) with high dispersion (v.sub.d .ltoreq.25) and very good chemical stability at relatively low density (.delta..ltoreq.3.5 g/cm.sup.3) consists of (in weight percent) SiO.sub.2 19-25, Na.sub.2 O 7-10, K.sub.2 O 4-7, Cs.sub.2 O 0-12, Cao 0.5-2.0, BaO 9-15, TiO.sub.2 25-30, ZrO.sub.2 0-6, Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5 16-20, WO.sub.3 0-3, with Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5 :TiO.sub.2 =0.6-0.71.

Abstract: A method of detecting defects present at the surface and/or internally in transparent materials, particularly of detecting included foreign bodies or bubbles in glass, is disclosed. The test material is scanned with an electromagnetic radiation of a single wavelength which is set to the penetration depth in the test material. The intensity reflected by the defects is picked up and analyzed. By this method only defects located up to a specified depth in the material are detected. Visible light as well as UV- or IR radiation may be applied. The associated test rig comprises a tunable Laser (2), a conveyor belt (6) carrying the test material (5), a fast rotating mirror-wheel (3) which directs the light beam (4) at high speed over the test material (5), and an optical sensor (7) connected with an analyzer unit (8).

Abstract: An optical and ophthalmic glass with high refractive index, high Abbe number and low density, which is distinguished by good chemical stability, good crystallization behavior and capability of chemical hardening, comprises (in % by weight):______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 50-63 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 4-8 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 1-2 Li.sub.2 O 4-8 Na.sub.2 O 4-8 K.sub.2 O 3-7 sum of M.sub.2 O 11-20 (M = Li, Na, K) MgO 0.5-2 CaO 2-5 sum of MO 0-3 (M = Mg, Ca) TiO.sub.2 8-12.5 ZrO.sub.2 1-3 F.sup.- 0-1 As.sub.2 O.sub.3 0.05-0.15 (optional refining agent) Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3 0.0-0.

Abstract: Optical blanks, for example spectacle lenses, are produced by hot-blank pressing or injection molding of polyorganoheterosiloxanes which are obtainable by hydrolytic polycondensation of at least one titanium-, zirconium-or tin-compound, at least one organofunctional silane and, where applicable, at least one inorganic oxide component. For control of the optical characteristics and working properties, polyorganoheterosiloxanes which have a polymerizable organic radical may be modified by additional polymerization with other copolymerizable condensates or monomers.

Abstract: Infrared-transparent bi- or multicomponent chalcogenide glasses based on germanium and selenium are improved by doping with 0.05 to 1.0 atom % of at least one of the alkaline earth metals calcium or strontium and/or one of their compounds. Optical fibers and optical elements can be made from these glasses.

Abstract: A phototropic glass with the optical characteristics of n.sub.d greater than to or equal to 1.59 and v.sub.d greater than or equal to 44, and with a density less than or equal to 3.0 g/cm.sup.-3 is provided having a composition comprising:______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 42-56 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 11-18 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-5 sum of SiO.sub.2, B.sub.2 O.sub.3, and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 55-75 Li.sub.2 O 3-9 Na.sub.2 O 0-7.98 K.sub.2 O 0-8.22 sum of alkaki metal oxides 7-15 MgO 3-12 CaO 0-3 SrO 0-3 BaO 0-6 ZnO 0-2 sum of alkali earth metal 3-12 oxides amd ZnO TiO.sub.2 3.06-6.74 ZrO.sub.2 2-11 Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5 2.28-8 La.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-3 Er.sub.2 O.sub.

Abstract: In a process for improving the smoothness of the surfaces of foils made from thermoplastics materials, particularly glass, the foil is stretched in two directions or dimensions. In a particular method, the foil is laid on top of a first frame and subsequently heated to a temperature which lies in a temperature range within which the foil starts to soften. A second frame which is at the same temperature as that of the foil is then placed on top of the foil so that the latter is effectively clamped between the frames. The two frames and foil is then cooled. The material chosen for the frames is one having a coefficient of thermal expansion smaller than or equal to that of the material of the foil.

Abstract: Conventional fluorescent solar collectors are utilized as external surfaces for building units. Since fluorescent solar collectors need not be aligned with the sun to obtain a high degree of efficiency, they are utilized as wall units or wall elements, as well as roof units or roof elements.

Abstract: Optical glass compositions having refractive indexes of 1.60-1.69 and Abbe numbers higher than 54 as well as with a density of less than 3.4 g/cm.sup.3, and which are distinguished in that they have good chemical stability, comprising (in percent by weight): 5-30 percent SiO.sub.2 ; 20-55 percent B.sub.2 O.sub.3 ; 13-40 percent CaO; 3-25 percent La.sub.2 O.sub.3 ; and optionally one or more of the following: up to 7 percent ZrO.sub.2, up to 2 percent TiO.sub.2, up to 9 percent Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, up to 11 percent MgO, up to 10 percent ZnO, up to 10 percent SrO, and up to 12 percent BaO.

Abstract: A method of increasing the contrast when photographing a transparent object, such as a glass object through the use of a television camera, is provided. The transparent object is illuminated with radiation in a region of the spectrum to which the transparent object is impermeable. A filter which suppresses the radiation in the region of the spectrum to which the transparent object is permeable and transmits radiation in the region of the spectrum to which the transparent object is impermeable is used between the light source and the transparent object. An electronic pick-up camera which is sensitive, i.e., capable of detecting radiation, in the region of the spectrum to which the filter is permeable, is used for taking photographs of the object.

Abstract: In an electrode arrangement utilized for heating electric crucibles in glass melting processes, each electrode consists of several spaced electrode plates arranged in parallel and attached to connecting elements. The connecting elements of two neighboring electrodes are disposed in parallel to one another, and the electrode plates of each electrode are staggered with respect to those of the adjacent electrode by half the plate spacing. By using this arrangement, the electrode plates project into the space between the neighboring electrode plates. Consequently, a larger heat output per unit volume of glass melt is achieved without endangering the integrity of the refractory material of which the crucible is made.

Abstract: In a method for the mechanized processing of vacuum molded glass lumps, particularly of heavy glass lumps which could hitherto be further processed only with a large outlay in personnel, the preliminary blowing and the transport of the glass lump to the marver, to the heating oven and to the fashioning station, the final blow-out and the transport to the lehr are all carried out by means of a manipulator. This manipulator has a turntable mounted on a driveable undercarriage, a blowing iron arranged in a holder device, a unit for rotating the iron about its longitudinal axis, an arm for pivoting the blowing iron about an axis at right angles to its longitudinal axis, an air supply system for inflating the glass lump, a two-part marver for supporting the glass lump and operating elements for controlling the drives.

Abstract: An optical CuO-bearing, alkali- and alkaline-earth rich phosphate glass with relatively high elongation (at 20.degree.-300.degree. C. from 110.times.10.sup.-7 grd.sup.-1 to 138.times.10.sup.-7 grd.sup.-1) and a transformation range .ltoreq.380.degree. C., with substantially improved transmission in the UV to blue range of the spectrum (UV-transmission at .lambda.=350 nm between .gtoreq.69% and .gtoreq.83%) and a very strong absorption in the red region of the spectrum (IR-absorption at .lambda.=700 nm between .ltoreq.2% and .ltoreq.12%), consisting essentially of the following synthesis/composition, in wt. %: P.sub.2 O.sub.5 65-70%; SiO.sub.2 0-0.75%; B.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-2%; A.sub.2 O.sub.3 2.5-6%; R.sub.2 O (alkali metal oxides) 11-17%; BaO 3-9.5%; CeO.sub.2 0.45-2.0%; CuO 2.55-6.55%; Cl.sup.- 0.15-0.75%; F.sup.- 0.25-1.50%; refining agent 0.10-2.00% with .SIGMA.CeO.sub.2 +Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 +BaO+CuO.gtoreq.8.5 and .SIGMA.R.sub.2 O=F.sup.- +Cl.sup.- .gtoreq.21.

Abstract: Alkali-free glasses with low dielectric losses, thermal expansion coefficients of 3.15 to 4.97.times.10.sup.-6 /.degree.C. in the temperature range from 20.degree. to 300.degree. C., adequate acid resistance, dielectric loss factors tan .delta. of 3.94 to 24.9.times.10.sup.-4 and processing temperatures (V.sub.A) of 1132.degree. to 1280.degree. C., have the following composition (in weight percent): 52.50-60.20 SiO.sub.2, 2.80-3.80 B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 8-14 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 6.0-20.20 PbO, 2.0-13.5 CaO, 0-3.5 MgO, 0-8 ZnO, 0-4.7 BaO, .SIGMA.PbO, CaO, MgO, ZnO, BaO 21.10-34.0, 0-1.0 F, 0.20-0.50 Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of porous sintered bodies with large open pore volume and defined pore diameter. A sinterable material in the form of finely ground powder is mixed with a leachable substance. The leachable substance is in the form of powder of a defined particle size. The mixture of sinterable material and leachable substance is heated to the sintering temperature and maintained there until the sinterable mass is sintered. The mass is then cooled and the leachable substance leached from the sintered mass.

Abstract: Optical glass with refractive indicies.gtoreq.1.90, Abbe numbers.gtoreq.25 consisting essentially of, in weight percent; 0-10 SiO.sub.2, 2-20 B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-2 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, the sum of SiO.sub.2, B.sub.2 O.sub.3, and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 being 7.5-25, 1-16 TiO.sub.2, 0-10 ZrO.sub.2, 35-55 La.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0.5-10 Y.sub.2 O.sub.5, 0.5-15 Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5, 0-10 Gd.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-15 Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5, 0-3 P.sub.2 O.sub.5 wherein the ratio of SiO.sub.2 to B.sub.2 O.sub.3 is between 0.1 and 1.6, and the sum of Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5 and Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 is from 9 to 20%.