Abstract: Communication systems for routing data streams between multiple data publishers and data subscribers are described. In one embodiment, a communication system includes a communication interface to receive a plurality of data streams from the plurality of data publishers over time, each of the plurality of data streams comprising a plurality of data values. A data routing subsystem generates a data block for one at least one of the plurality of data subscribers. The data block includes data values from one or more of the plurality of data publishers. The data block may accumulate values until a condition triggers routing the data block to a data subscriber.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for protecting electric power equipment. In one embodiment, an oscillator generates a time signal to timestamp a first stream of data comprising a plurality of local measurements. A communications interface may receive a second stream of data comprising a plurality of remote measurements from a remote source through a communication channel. The second stream of data may include a plurality of timestamps. A clock offset estimation subsystem may determine a plurality of clock offset values based on the second stream of data, analyze the second stream of data; identify a plurality of valid raw clock offset values within the second stream of data; and generate a prediction error. An adaptive filter subsystem may determine an adaptive gain using an adaptive filter and apply the adaptive gain to the prediction error based on conditions of the communication channel.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for operating a configurable communication device. Operating the configurable communication device includes operating the configurable communication device using a first network architecture control plane type. Then, an indication is received to switch at least part of the configurable communication device to using a second network architecture control plane type. In response to the indication, the configurable communication device operates the at least part of the configurable communication device in a hybrid mode utilizing both the first and second network architecture control plane types.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to small form-factor pluggable (“SFP”) devices. Devices consistent with the present disclosure may be tailored to operate in critical infrastructure systems, such as electric power systems. In one embodiment, an SFP device includes an SFP connector to communicate with a host device and to receive a stream of Ethernet data comprising a time signal in a first protocol. A time output may communicate the time signal in a second protocol to a connected device. A logic engine in communication with the time output and the SFP connector may identify a plurality of data frames within the data stream and decode the data frames to extract the time signal. A time engine may receive the time signal from the logic engine, generate a representation of the time signal in the second protocol, and route the representation to the time output for transmission to a connected device.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to small form-factor pluggable (“SFP”) devices. Devices consistent with the present disclosure may be tailored to operate in critical infrastructure systems, such as electric power systems. In one embodiment, a serial-to-Ethernet SFP device includes a serial connector to communicatively couple the SFP device to a serial device, and an SFP connector to communicatively couple the SFP device to a host device to receive a stream of Ethernet data. A logic engine may identify a first data type of an Ethernet data frame in the stream of Ethernet data received via the SFP connector and decode an Ethernet data frame to extract a payload. The logic engine may determine that the payload is to be routed via the serial connector, and generate a serial signal for transmission via the serial connector and comprising the payload. A serial driver may transmit the serial signal via the serial connector.

Abstract: A shorting block includes a first shorting contact electrically configured to couple to a first terminal of a current transformer, a second shorting contact electrically configured to couple to a second terminal of the current transformer, and an activation plug configured to couple to the first shorting contact and the second shorting contact in an assembled configuration. The shorting block also includes a retainer that may couple to the first shorting contact and the second shorting contact in the assembled configuration, where the retainer is configured to substantially block movement of the first shorting contact away from the second shorting contact in the assembled configuration.

Abstract: Electric power delivery system monitoring, control, and protection using a transmission of a first stream of power system information and a second stream of power system information, where the second stream is a lower-resolution cumulation of the information in the first stream is disclosed herein. The power system information may be in the form of energy packets. When a packet from the first stream is lost, the receiving device may use the second stream to calculate a value for the lost packet from the first stream. The calculated value of the lost packet may be used to correct or remediate for a protection or control operation that was previously determined.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices are provided to condition digital samples of an electric power delivery system to identify power quality. An intelligent electronic device (IED) for an electric power delivery system may include analog front-end hardware to receive current and voltage measurements of the electric power delivery system, sampling circuitry to digitally sample the current and voltage measurements according to a first clock, a first resampling component to perform linear interpolation on the initial digital samples according to a second clock, a second resampling component to perform quadratic interpolation on the resampled digital samples, and one or more compensation filters to compensate for linear interpolation error or quadratic interpolation error, or both.

Abstract: A distributed control system based on numerous models of small-scale subsystems within power delivery and/or distribution systems may increase the performance of solvers, automation algorithms, and control systems. By implementing multiple discrete control system models and effectuating simple communications (e.g., requests and responses for additional electric power) between the multiple discrete control system models, the processing power and time associated with modeling the power system and responding to events occurring within the power system may be reduced, and greater flexibility and modularity may be provided to the power delivery and distribution systems.

Abstract: Various examples of systems and methods are described for generating a directional intermittent ground fault (IGF) signal based on zero-sequence voltage (V0) samples and zero-sequence current (I0) samples obtained at a relatively low sampling rate. Accurate IGF detection is described at sampling rates less than 2 kHz, including at an example sampling rate of 32 samples per cycle, using a rate of change in the V0 samples. The system computes voltage-change (dV0) values by, for example, subtracting a previous V0 sample from a present V0 sample. A fault direction is determined by comparing the polarities of a dV0 value and a contemporaneous I0 sample. Forward fault and reverse fault counting logic is used in some example embodiments to mitigate false positives.

Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to systems and methods for protecting multi-phase wound-rotor electric machines in an electric power delivery system. Protection of these machines uses an equivalent rotor current determined using rotor current signals, and an equivalent stator current determined using stator current signals. The equivalent rotor and stator currents are independent of the voltage and rotor position signals and are used in protection elements to determine a fault condition.

Abstract: A current interruption system may include an electromechanical switch coupling an electrical source and an electrical load along an electrical line of a power delivery system. The current interruption system may also include a controller that may receive an indication of an electrical characteristic along the electrical line, determine a fault condition based on the electrical characteristic, and transmit instructions to interrupt a first current through the electromechanical switch according to a first mode or second mode based on the electrical characteristic and the determination of the fault condition. Additionally, the current interruption system may include a voltage source converter (VSC) that may receive the instructions from the controller, interrupt the first current according to the first mode or the second mode, and reduce a second current through the VSC to zero.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices presented herein are directed toward verifying the operation of protective relays in an electric power delivery system. To protect components of the power delivery system, a protection system may be implemented. The protection system may include a relay containing an output contact, a voltage sensor coupled to the output contact, and a current sensor coupled to the output contact. The protection system may also include processing circuitry used to determine the operation of the output contact based on an indication from the voltage senor, the current sensor, or both.

Abstract: An electrical interface device may include a first printed circuit board (PCB) configured to electrically couple one or more electrical contacts to one or more corresponding conductive headers. The electrical interface device may also include a second PCB configured to electrically couple the one or more corresponding conductive headers to one or more corresponding pins of a connector.

Abstract: A reusable container includes a receptacle having a first side wall including one or more protrusions extending from the first side wall and one or more recesses extending into the first side wall, where the one or more protrusions and the one or more recesses may enable intercoupling with an additional reusable container. The receptacle also having a second side wall, a back wall, a front wall, and a base, where the first side wall, the second side wall, the back wall, the front wall, and the base define an internal space of the receptacle to hold an object. The reusable container may further include a lid, detachably coupled to the receptacle, where the lid may transition from an open configuration to a closed configuration when in a coupled configuration with the receptacle.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to implementing a Redundancy Box (“RedBox”) functionality in a software-defined network (“SDN”). In one embodiment, a configuration subsystem may identify at least one singly attached node (“SAN”) in the SDN and identify at least one dually attached node (“DAN”) in the SDN.

Abstract: A protection system for managing overloads in a power transmission network may, for example, include various subsystems to monitor assets, identify overloads, and implement an adaptive regulation scheme (ARS). The ARS scheme includes a hybrid remedial action scheme with a high-speed first protection zone for immediate remedial actions to lower overloads below a transition threshold and a slower, iterative second protection zone that applies remedial actions based on a response-time overload curve to reduce overloads below an operational threshold. The system dynamically prioritizes remedial actions based on real-time conditions and asset dependencies.

Abstract: Systems and methods to validating a firmware update of an intelligent electronic device (IED) of an electric power delivery system are provided. A system may include a computing device that communicatively couples to an intelligent electronic device (IED) of an electric power delivery system. The computing device may transmit a signal indicative of instructions to pause normal intelligent electronic device (IED) operation and apply a firmware update and transmit a signal including simulated power delivery system measurements to the intelligent electronic device (IED). The computing device may receive a signal indicative of test results from the intelligent electronic device (IED) and determine validation of the firmware update based on the test results.

Abstract: A system for monitoring a voltage of a conductor of an electric power delivery system after automatic voltage sensor calibration. The system includes a sensor for capacitive coupling with an access point. The system includes an IED in electrical communication with the sensor to obtain signals therefrom. The IED may be configured to automatically calibrate to accommodate the signals from the conductor obtained using the sensor. The IED may provide an output depending on the determined voltage on the conductor.

Abstract: A system for high impedance bus protection that includes a safety module to divert excess current away from a protective element of an intelligent electronic device. The safety module may include a variable resistor and a bypass relay in parallel across secondaries of one or more current transformers. The bypass relay may be configured to close upon detection of excess current through the secondaries to divert the excess current away from the variable resistor and the protective element.