Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices presented herein are directed toward verifying the operation of protective relays in an electric power delivery system. To protect components of the power delivery system, a protection system may be implemented. The protection system may include a relay containing an output contact, a voltage sensor coupled to the output contact, and a current sensor coupled to the output contact. The protection system may also include processing circuitry used to determine the operation of the output contact based on an indication from the voltage senor, the current sensor, or both.

Abstract: An electrical interface device may include a first printed circuit board (PCB) configured to electrically couple one or more electrical contacts to one or more corresponding conductive headers. The electrical interface device may also include a second PCB configured to electrically couple the one or more corresponding conductive headers to one or more corresponding pins of a connector.

Abstract: A reusable container includes a receptacle having a first side wall including one or more protrusions extending from the first side wall and one or more recesses extending into the first side wall, where the one or more protrusions and the one or more recesses may enable intercoupling with an additional reusable container. The receptacle also having a second side wall, a back wall, a front wall, and a base, where the first side wall, the second side wall, the back wall, the front wall, and the base define an internal space of the receptacle to hold an object. The reusable container may further include a lid, detachably coupled to the receptacle, where the lid may transition from an open configuration to a closed configuration when in a coupled configuration with the receptacle.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to implementing a Redundancy Box (“RedBox”) functionality in a software-defined network (“SDN”). In one embodiment, a configuration subsystem may identify at least one singly attached node (“SAN”) in the SDN and identify at least one dually attached node (“DAN”) in the SDN.

Abstract: A protection system for managing overloads in a power transmission network may, for example, include various subsystems to monitor assets, identify overloads, and implement an adaptive regulation scheme (ARS). The ARS scheme includes a hybrid remedial action scheme with a high-speed first protection zone for immediate remedial actions to lower overloads below a transition threshold and a slower, iterative second protection zone that applies remedial actions based on a response-time overload curve to reduce overloads below an operational threshold. The system dynamically prioritizes remedial actions based on real-time conditions and asset dependencies.

Abstract: Systems and methods to validating a firmware update of an intelligent electronic device (IED) of an electric power delivery system are provided. A system may include a computing device that communicatively couples to an intelligent electronic device (IED) of an electric power delivery system. The computing device may transmit a signal indicative of instructions to pause normal intelligent electronic device (IED) operation and apply a firmware update and transmit a signal including simulated power delivery system measurements to the intelligent electronic device (IED). The computing device may receive a signal indicative of test results from the intelligent electronic device (IED) and determine validation of the firmware update based on the test results.

Abstract: A system for monitoring a voltage of a conductor of an electric power delivery system after automatic voltage sensor calibration. The system includes a sensor for capacitive coupling with an access point. The system includes an IED in electrical communication with the sensor to obtain signals therefrom. The IED may be configured to automatically calibrate to accommodate the signals from the conductor obtained using the sensor. The IED may provide an output depending on the determined voltage on the conductor.

Abstract: A system for high impedance bus protection that includes a safety module to divert excess current away from a protective element of an intelligent electronic device. The safety module may include a variable resistor and a bypass relay in parallel across secondaries of one or more current transformers. The bypass relay may be configured to close upon detection of excess current through the secondaries to divert the excess current away from the variable resistor and the protective element.

Abstract: A system comprises a first intelligent electronic device (IED) configured to receive simulated electric power delivery system measurements and test configuration settings from a computing device, transmit a signal indicative of instructions to pause normal operation to a plurality of additional IEDs, transmit a signal comprising the simulated electric power delivery system measurements and the test configuration settings to each of the plurality of additional IEDs, transmit a signal indicative of instructions to begin a test procedure according to the simulated electric power delivery system measurements and the test configuration settings to each of the plurality of additional IEDs, receive a signal indicative of test results from each of the plurality of additional IEDs, and transmit a signal indicative of instructions to resume normal operation to the plurality of additional IEDs.

Abstract: A system for voltage signal distribution in a digital substation protection system. In a system where a voltage signal from a bus is not available, an alternative voltage secondary signal may be selected as a reference voltage and made available to the appropriate protection devices in a digital substation protection system for synchronism check. Voltage signals may be distributed using software-defined networking. A voltage selection controller may select the reference voltage and control distribution of the voltage signal using the software-defined networking communication system.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for detecting an electrical secondary arc across a transition point in an electric power delivery system are provided. An intelligent electronic device (IED) for an electric power delivery system may include data processing circuitry and machine-readable media including instructions that, when executed by the data processing circuitry, cause the IED to perform operations several operations. The operations may include comparing a first electrical measurement across a transition point in the electric power delivery system measured at a first time with a second electrical measurement across the transition point measured at a second time; and identifying an occurrence of an electrical secondary arc across the transition point when the second electrical measurement at the second time is greater than the first electrical measurement at the first time by more than a threshold.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to improving the monitoring of electric power systems. In one embodiment, a device consistent with the present disclosure may include an input for receiving information related to electric parameters at a location within the electric power system. A power supply in electrical communication with an external power source may provide conditioned electric power to components internal to the device. The power supply may include a power input in electrical communication with the external power source to receive electric power. A conditioning circuit may condition electric power from the external power source for use by the device. An energy storage device may store electric power from the external power source. An energy storage device control subsystem may draw power from the energy storage device upon loss of the external power source to enable the device to remain fully operational and to implement an action.

Abstract: Quotient differential protection of electric power delivery system equipment is described herein. Load-side currents and source-side currents are used without need of tap changer and control switch positions of the dual-core phase-shifting transformer being protected. The quotient differential signal is determined based on comparing the winding turn ratios in individual transformer phases, resulting in a differential signal that includes the products of currents. Similarly, the restraining signal comprises the products of currents.

Abstract: A protective intelligent electronic device (IED), such as a protective relay, includes a processor to execute protection routines and/or data acquisition routines. The protective IED or an associated networking device may include, for example, a measurement module to monitor processor burden and control logic to detect Ethernet storms based on a dynamic burden function threshold. In response to storm detection, non-critical Ethernet traffic is throttled while critical protection functions are maintained. Auxiliary communication subsystems and/or critical protocols such as RSTP may continue to function during a storm mitigation mode. The systems and methods described herein leverage dynamic CPU burden assessments, traffic prioritization, and hysteresis logic to limit toggling between storm mitigation and normal operation modes.

Abstract: Fault location determination using local and remote incremental voltages and replica currents is disclosed herein. Using the observation that the change in voltage at the fault location estimated from a local terminal is the same as the change in voltage at the fault location estimated from a remote terminal, the embodiments herein determine fault location by minimizing a difference between a change-in-voltage at the fault location estimated using the local incremental voltages and replica currents and a change-in-voltage at the fault location estimated using the remote incremental voltages and replica currents.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for protecting electric power equipment. In one embodiment, an oscillator generates a time signal to timestamp a first stream of data comprising a plurality of local measurements. A communications interface may receive a second stream of data comprising a plurality of remote measurements from a remote source through a communication channel. The second stream of data may include a plurality of timestamps. A clock offset estimation subsystem may determine a plurality of clock offset values based on the second stream of data, analyze the second stream of data; identify a plurality of valid raw clock offset values within the second stream of data; and generate a prediction error. An adaptive filter subsystem may determine an adaptive gain using an adaptive filter and apply the adaptive gain to the prediction error based on conditions of the communication channel.

Abstract: A system includes a first intelligent electronic device (IED) of an electric power delivery system. The first IED may measure a local current and a local voltage, transmit a first signal indicative of the local current and voltage measurements to additional IEDs via one or more communication channels, receive one or more additional signals indicative of remote current and voltage measurements from each of the additional IEDs, determine a respective asymmetry of each of the communication channels based on the local current and voltage measurements and the remote current and voltage measurements, determine a total asymmetry based on the respective asymmetries, compare the total asymmetry to one or more threshold relationships between operating currents and restraining currents, each of the one or more threshold relationships comprising a slope value, and perform a control function based on the comparison.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for configuring time synchronization in a network. The system includes a time signal source to provide a common time signal to multiple configurable communication devices and a network controller in a control plane, in communication with the multiple configurable communication devices. The network controller is configured to receive time signal source information and to receive device configuration information for a first configurable communication device. The network controller is also configured to determine settings for time signal distribution and to transmit the settings to the multiple configurable communication devices to cause the first configurable communication device to transmit the time signal from the time signal source in a data plane for consumption by the multiple configurable communication devices.

Abstract: In various examples, a host HSR device determines bidirectional latency values in an HSR ring without adding network traffic beyond the supervision frames mandated by the HSR protocol. The host HSR device receives its own supervision frames after the frames traverse the ring in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions. The host HSR device determines direction-specific roundtrip latency values, which are transmitted and used to, for example, set channel delay parameters in protective relays, assert alarms when latency or frame-return timeout thresholds are exceeded, and/or take other protective or reporting actions. In some examples, the larger of the two latency values is used to calculate a maximum roundtrip latency, which can be used to adjust or set a channel delay setting of a protective relay to ensure that the protective relay will continue to operate with the ring in a degraded state.

Abstract: This disclosure pertains to systems and methods to detect network errors in a parallel redundant protocol (PRP) or high-availability seamless redundancy (HSR) network. A node-level redundancy error subsystem of an intelligent electronic device (IED) maintains records (e.g., counts) of information associated with missing duplicate frames expected from node devices on the PRP or HSR network via redundant first and second local area networks (LANs). Non-zero counts of missing duplicate frames may be identified as network errors.