Abstract: A software-defined network (SDN) rule modification counter system provides counters that track all changes and edits to rules at SDN controllers and SDN switches on an SDN. The system compares counters at the SDN controller and SDN switch to determine if they match. If the counters do not match, a change has been made to the rules. With the addition of rule edit statistics the SDN controller will now have visibility that a rule modification was performed. The SDN controller then verifies that the state of the device is the same as its expected state as a secondary integrity check. Based on the rule modification notification, changes to a central rules table at the SDN controller and changes to rule settings at the SDN switch are made according to pre-programmed logic.

Abstract: A system to reconfigure a motor from induction mode to synchronous mode at a zero crossing of the field voltage during startup using only stator current signals is described herein. The zero crossing may be detected by asymmetry induced in the stator currents by a current asymmetry inducing module of the motor. The current asymmetry inducing module may include a resistor and diode in series and in parallel with a discharge resistor of the field windings. Asymmetry is induced in the current obtained from the stator, and used to determine a zero crossing of the field voltage. Upon the rotor reaching a startup frequency and the detected zero-crossing of the field voltage, the motor may be reconfigured from induction mode to synchronous mode.

Abstract: Systems and methods to estimate trapped charge for a controlled automatic reclose of a power line using a ganged switching device are described herein. For example, an intelligent electronic device (IED) may calculate a voltage amount associated with trapped charge of each phase of a power line based on voltage measurements of the power line. The IED may send a signal to close a ganged switching device at a time based at least in part on the trapped charge of each phase of a power line.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices are provided to control an electrical component of an electric power distribution system with an intelligent electronic device using electrical measurements from a wireless electrical measurement device located away from the electrical component. One such system includes a capacitor bank on a lateral of an electric power distribution system, a first set of one or more wireless electrical measurement devices that obtain one or more electrical measurements of a first feeder of the electric power distribution system, and a capacitor bank controller. The capacitor bank controller may use the one or more electrical measurements of the first feeder to control the capacitor bank on the lateral.

Abstract: A key server device obtains authorization information of a user associated with an intelligent electronic device (IED). The key server communicates the authorization information to the IED, via a Media Access Control Security (MACsec) Key Agreement (MKA) protocol to allow the IED to authenticate the user. The key server receives one or more commands from the user. The key server communicates the one or more commands to the IED to allow the IED to perform operations based on the one or more commands.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices are provided for dynamically generating a histogram for viewing via a user interface. Embodiments presented herein provide apparatus and techniques for generating a histogram and adjusting a view of the histogram without the computations being perceived by a user. To do so, histogram indices may be computed for various time intervals (e.g., minutes, hours, days, etc.) of input data. The indices may be used to generate a histogram for a time interval that may be larger than the interval used to compute the histogram indices. At the time period for the histogram displayed via the user interface is changed by the user, a dynamic histogram builder computes an adjusted histogram using histogram indices for the updated and/or changed time period. Embodiments herein provide techniques which reduce the time to compute the histogram and consume less computing resources to do so.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining a location of an event in an electric power delivery system using a machine learning engine are provided. The machine learning engine may be trained based on a topology of the electric power delivery system, where the topology may be a layout of line sections and corresponding sensors of the electric power delivery system. Based on the topology, one or more training matrices that indicate possible event locations may be generated. In turn, the machine learning engine may be trained using the training matrices and logistic regression models to determine locations of events that occur during operation of the electric power delivery system.

Abstract: Current measurement devices for printed circuit board mounting are disclosed herein. The current measurement devices include a hollow and flexible core to improve response to a primary signal and decrease weight. The current measurement device includes a housing with guides to maintain alignment of the core. An electromagnetic shield may be placed between the circumference of the core and the housing. The housing may include apertures to facilitate washing. The current measurement device may include a primary conductor external to the housing.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods using thermal vias to increase the current-carrying capacity of conductive traces on a multilayered printed circuit board (PCB). In various embodiments, parameters associated with vias may be selected to control various electrical and thermal properties of the conductive trace. Such parameters include the via diameter, a plating thickness, a number of vias, a placement of the vias, an amount of conductive material to be added or removed from the conductive trace, a change in the resistance of the conductive trace, a change in a fusing measurement of the conductive trace, and the like.

Abstract: A system includes a processor operatively coupled to memory. The processor performs operations that include obtaining electrical measurements of a power system. The processor determines a scaled energy value of a first set of the electrical measurements that are scaled with respect to a second set of electrical measurements. The processor determines that a potential ringdown event occurred by comparing the scaled energy value to a threshold energy value. The processor determines that the potential ringdown event is a confirmed ringdown event by comparing a scaled error value to a threshold error value. The processor generates one or more mode estimates from the confirmed ringdown event.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining, via a power system device, a source media access control (SMAC) address. The method includes generating, via the power system device, an Ethernet frame of power system data with a destination media access control (DMAC) address comprising at least a portion of the SMAC address. The method includes sending, via the power system device, the Ethernet frame to an intelligent electronic device (IED) of a power system.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a recloser control that monitors compliance of a standard for distributed energy resources (DERs). For example, a method includes obtaining power system measurements between a microgrid and an area electronic power system (EPS). The method includes determining a rate of change of power (RoCoP) based on the power system measurements. The method includes determining that a DER exceeded a threshold of the area EPS based at least in part on the RoCoP. The method includes sending a signal indicating that the DER has violated the threshold.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices are provided for determining a maintenance mode of one or more merging units of an electric power delivery system using an intelligent electronic device that may rely on communication from wired (or wireless) electrical measurement devices. The intelligent electronic device may be a line relay. The merging units may provide data to the line relay including at least one bit indicating a maintenance mode of each merging unit. If a maintenance mode bit from a particular merging unit indicates that the merging unit is in the maintenance mode, logic of the line relay may determine if a maintenance mode override is received. If so, the line relay may disregard the maintenance mode bit and process the data from the merging unit. If the logic determines that the merging unit is in the maintenance mode, the line relay may force data from the merging unit to zero.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a capacitor bank controller that automatically determines the size of a capacitor bank using wireless current sensors. The capacitor bank controller determines a first capacitor bank size estimate using voltage and current measurements from when the capacitor bank is open and when the capacitor bank is closed a first time. The capacitor bank controller determines a second capacitor bank size estimate by using voltage measurements and current measurements from when the capacitor bank is open and when the capacitor bank is closed a second time. The capacitor bank controller determines a filtered capacitor bank size estimate based on the first capacitor bank estimate and the second capacitor bank estimate and controls operation of the capacitor bank based on the filtered capacitor bank size estimate.

Abstract: A controller for an electric power distribution system includes processing circuitry and a memory that includes instructions. The instructions, when executed by the processing circuitry, are configured to cause the processing circuitry to determine that a first switch of the electric power distribution system is a primary switch communicatively coupled to an intelligent electronic device (IED) of the electric power distribution system, determine that a second switch of the electric power distribution system is a backup switch communicatively coupled to the TED, and distribute a first copy of a security association key (SAK) to the first switch and a second copy of the SAK to the second switch in response to determining that the first switch is the primary switch and the second switch is the backup switch to enable the first switch and the second switch to establish respective media access control security (MACsec) communication links with the IED.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining, via a power system device, a source media access control (SMAC) address. The method includes generating, via the power system device, an Ethernet frame of power system data with a destination media access control (DMAC) address comprising at least a portion of the SMAC address. The method includes sending, via the power system device, the Ethernet frame to an intelligent electronic device (IED) of a power system.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices are provided for determining a maintenance mode of one or more merging units of an electric power delivery system using an intelligent electronic device that may rely on communication from wired (or wireless) electrical measurement devices. The intelligent electronic device may be a line relay. The merging units may provide data to the line relay including at least one bit indicating a maintenance mode of each merging unit. If a maintenance mode bit from a particular merging unit indicates that the merging unit is in the maintenance mode, logic of the line relay may determine if a maintenance mode override is received. If so, the line relay may disregard the maintenance mode bit and process the data from the merging unit. If the logic determines that the merging unit is in the maintenance mode, the line relay may force data from the merging unit to zero.

Abstract: This disclosure discusses systems, methods, and techniques for producing and utilizing a capability region of one or more monitored equipment. To do so, an intelligent electronic device (IED) may access a data set of one or more known performance characteristics of the monitored equipment. The known performance characteristics are based on, or dependent of, one or more variables. The IED may also access a constraint library with geometric primitives. Then, the IED may analyze the data set and may produce the capability region using the geometric primitive. The IED may compare an operating point of the monitored equipment to the capability region of the monitored equipment. Based on the comparison, the IED may implement a control action.

Abstract: An autonomous real-time remedial action scheme (RAS) control system may receive electrical measurements of a power system. The RAS control system may determine active power and reactive power of each bus in the power system based on the received electrical measurements. The RAS control system may dynamically determine whether to shed one or more loads, generators, or both in the power system by optimizing an objective function to maintain maximum critical load and maximum critical generation in the electrical system based on the active and reactive power of each bus in the power system and the generation of each generator in the power system. The RAS control system may send a command to trip at least one breaker to cause the at least one breaker to shed the one or more loads, generators, or both. The RAS control system may send a command to runback one or more generators.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods include protective functions in an electrical power system. For example, a processing subsystem may include a first processor and a second processor. The first processor and the second processor may operate independently. A memory subsystem may comprise a first memory section and a second memory section. A memory management subsystem may enable memory access between the first processor and the first memory section and disable memory access between the first processor and the second memory section. The memory management subsystem may further enable memory access between the second processor and the second memory section and disable memory access between the second processor and the first memory section. A protection subsystem may include the first processor and the first memory section and enable a protection function. The second processor and the second memory section may provide a second function that operates independently of the protection function.