Abstract: In a method for determining trajectories of movable physical objects in a space on the basis of sensor data from a plurality of sensors, first data objects are generated based on the sensor data, wherein each first data object comprises at least one timestamp and one location specification of an object detected by at least one of the sensors, and a validation function. At least one model object, which represents a parameterization of a trajectory of one of the movable objects with at least one variable parameter, is provided. Then, a correspondence value is calculated for the first data objects, for an assignment of the respective data object to at least one of the model objects provided by way of evaluating the validation function of the data object for the model objects. An additional model object is provided and the data object is assigned to the additional model object if none of the correspondence values lie in a predetermined range.

Abstract: In a method for determining trajectories of movable physical objects in a space on the basis of sensor data from a plurality of sensors, first data objects are generated based on the sensor data, wherein each first data object comprises at least one timestamp and one location specification of an object detected by at least one of the sensors, and a validation function. At least one model object, which represents a parameterization of a trajectory of one of the movable objects with at least one variable parameter, is provided. Then, a correspondence value is calculated for the first data objects, for an assignment of the respective data object to at least one of the model objects provided by way of evaluating the validation function of the data object for the model objects. An additional model object is provided and the data object is assigned to the additional model object if none of the correspondence values lie in a predetermined range.

Abstract: To ensure that a camouflage structure will not lose its effectiveness even in changing temperatures (day/night, sunshine/clouds) when protecting against reconnaissance in the IR range, the camouflage structure features varying emissivity tendencies in the atmospheric windows II (3-5 um) and III (8-14 um). In other words, the emissivity in the IR range is not constant and at a certain level, but it has an increasing or decreasing tendency in at least one selected spectral range.

Abstract: An assembly for generating an optical marking of the flight path of an air/space vehicle propelled by a power unit is associated with the power unit, and mixes the marking output of the generator with either the exhaust of the power unit or air streaming past the vehicle. The generator may generate smoke or steam. In the case of a smoke generator, the assembly may include an annular chamber surrounding a central passageway through which the power unit exhaust passes. The exhaust ignites a smoke-generating charge in the annular chamber, the smoke generated passing through bores in the annular chamber.

Abstract: In a tubular pressure chamber a drop of a DNA solution with gold particles suspended therein is atomized at the opening of a cannula by a pressure impact. The fog droplets containing the gold particles and the DNA entrained by them, are pressured by the pressure impact through a restriction at the end of the pressure chamber and thereby accelerated and focused. They subsequently traverse in free flight an evacuated specimen chamber and impact in a narrowly limited target area with a predetermined pulse, cells fixed on a holder, thereby penetrating them.

Abstract: A titerplate for instrumental analysis of liquid samples consists of a plurality of wells in which the walls and bottoms are made of two different materials with different physical properties. This allows the interfacial tension at the surface of the liquid to be controlled in such a way that it is essentially planar, allowing more accurate analysis to be performed on the samples. The bottoms of the wells are preferably made of a transparent material, so that the analysis and observation can be done in the transmission mode. The wells may be formed of radiation-absorbing material to prevent radiation cross talk between radioactive specimens. An overgarment replaceable film or foil having depressions aligned with the titerplate wells may be utilized to prevent contamination of the titerplate by samples and allow the reuse of the titerplate.

Abstract: A percussion primer compound for small arms, comprising a special metal such as zirconium as a reducing agent and a mixture of two oxygen carriers with oxidizing potentials of different magnitudes as oxidizing agent. The primer compound may be used in cartridge-type, small-caliber small arms such as is used for training purposes.

Abstract: A smoke-generating combustion charge is disclosed having a nitrate-containing oxidizing agent combined with wetted carbon granules to cause polar binding of the oxidizing agent. Such a charge produces a non-toxic smoke, and is environment-compatible, even when the charge fails to ignite, or is combusted incompletely. The method of preparation for the smoke charge comprises the separate treatment of the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent, followed by common mixing and press-forming to produce pellets.

Abstract: A galvanically conductive explosive is formed by the admixture of a small proportion of precious metal-containing platelets to a binder. The resulting blend is combined with explosive granules to form a homogeneous mixture which, after press-forming, produces galvanically conductive bodies.

Abstract: A method is described for improving the mechanical stressability of ammunition bodies, particularly shaped charges, which are highly accelerated and/or subjected to shock waves by coating the contacting portion of the cavity. In a first step of the method, the charge liner is coated on its outer surface and the case is coated on its inner surface with a styrene-containing copolymer; in a further step of the method, the explosive charge is cast or compressed in a known manner. The method finds use particularly for the production of tandem shaped charge projectiles.

Abstract: A quasi-isostatic pressure-forming methods for the production of precision explosive charges consists of the pre-heating of the explosive mass to be pressure-formed is now preheated to 100-120.degree. C. with subsequent forming in an autoclave at pressures of an order of magnitude of 3500 bar during 0.5-5 min. After pressure relief during a further phase of 10-180 min, the mass is cooled down at pressures of 50-500 bar. In a further elaboration of the invention, two autoclaves, one high pressure and one low pressure, may be utilized.

Abstract: In order to release the load the load hook of the apparatus is pivotable downwards. The stop pawl located in the mouth of the load hook is form-closed arrestable. The load hook is freely rotatable relative to the load rope around the axis of the load rope and is spring elastically supported in the load rope axis. The apparatus is specifically suitable for use with helicopters.

Abstract: In a device for carrying out quality test firings with a gun barrel (1), a mount (2) and an automatic adjusting arrangement (4, 5, 6) for resetting the barrel (1), a given directional setpoint value is compared with the actual direction value. While the actual value is derived from a mirror (3) attached to the barrel (1) itself, the setpoint value is produced by a frequency-modulated laser beam (.nu.) from a source mounted nonvibratingly and separately from the barrel (1) and its mounting (2). By this separation, the hit dispersion due to the mechanical components is reduced to a minimum. This device is of particular usefulness in the development and quality control of small-calibre ammunition.

Abstract: A testing device, especially for ignition elements, has an acceleration tube (3) with an acceleration piston (4) slidable therein. The space in the acceleration tube (3) between the piston (4) and an exit aperture (7) is connectable with a vacuum pump (10) to accelerate the acceleration piston (4). As soon as a retaining device (5) releases the acceleration piston (4), the latter is accelerated by atmospheric pressure in a direction towards the exit aperture (7). An impact body (6), releasably held in the acceleration piston (4), is adapted to release itself from the acceleration piston (4) as soon as the latter hits the end of the acceleration tube (3), and then flies out of the exit aperture (7) of the acceleration tube (3) against the test object. The invention can also be applied in the field of material testing and quality control.

Abstract: A hollow charge for piercing armor built up of several layers of differing densities, the metallic lining of which has three-dimensional isotropy and the density of which corresponds at least approximately to the crystal density of the metal, and, upon detonation, produces an incoherent, pulverulent hollow-charge jet. The associated method of manufacturing the metallic lining comprises atomization of the metal; the mixing of the resulting metal powder in a broad particle-size distribution; the filling of the metal powder into a uniform thickness, double-walled, ductile container; hydrogen flushing of the filled-in metal powder, the closure and gas-tight sealing-off of the double-walled container; hot isostatic pressing of the container; and the removal of the sealed-off container from the pressure-molded component.

Abstract: An outer jacket (14), an inner jacket (15) and an explosive charge (16) are ach independently manufactured on one of three parallel production lines (1, 2, 3) and assembled on a contiguous assembly line (4). The jackets (14 and 15) are designed to have a sufficient shape stability to be handled as separate components, and obtain the required firing strength due to their assembly. By changing the inner jacket (15), the ammunition body manufactured in this way can be prepared with different active bodies as suited for the application intended.

Abstract: An incendiary fragmentation particle consists of a metal carrier body with ribs and a polymer incendiary mass containing a pyrophoric metal formed about the carrier body. The fragmentation particle carrier body may be formed from steel wire which is subsequently coated with the curing agent of a two-component epoxy resin and then, at raised temperature and high pressure, joined with the incendiary mass of pyrophoric metal and epoxy resin. The incendiary fragmentation particles may be used in active components of ammunition bodies in which they are preferably embedded in a matrix of epoxy resin.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the preparation of finely grained lead azide, in which aqueous solutions of lead nitrate and sodium azide are stirred in a vessel at constant temperature, characterized in that in a first process step the aqueous solution of lead nitrate and a small amount of an aqueous solution of sodium citrate are poured into the vessel, in a second process step, the aqueous solution of sodium azide is dosed into the vessel over a period of time of 30 to 40 minutes, the aqueous solutions poured into the vessel are agitated at a peripheral stirring speed of between 0.2 m/sec and 1.0 m/sec., and the constant temperature is set to a value of 50.degree. C. to 80.degree. C.

Abstract: The method according to the invention makes it possible rapidly to accelerate a test piece in a start-up phase in accordance with a stipulated acceleration program, and subsequently to maintain the test piece at constant acceleration during an arbitrary time. The testing device for carrying out the method consists of a rotor carrying the test piece. The rotor is accelerated by a pressure medium in its start-up phase and is driven in its stationary phase by an electromotor via a toothed belt. In the start-up phase, the test piece experiences a continuous rotation from the tangential direction of the circular path (K) into the radial direction by the angle of rotation .psi. of 90.degree..A preferred use of the device resides in testing rocket nose cones. This replaces real launching and/or expensive linear accelerators.

Abstract: A water-filled pressure chamber (7) loaded by conventional pumps at pressures of several thousand bars is used to isostatically press explosive charges. Inside this pressure chamber (7) is a compression mold (6) having an inner/outer mold (1) consisting of several components. Explosives in the mold are subjected through an elastic sleeve (3) to liquid pressure (p), so that the interior pressure in the chamber will be nearly isostatic. Following pressure relief, Dimensionally accurate and homogeneous precision explosive charges are obtained.The present invention also includes the process using the pressure chamber. The invention increases manufacturing output and quality of explosive charges so produced.