Abstract: An apparatus and method for training of auditory and graphical discrimination in humans is provided. The method and apparatus provides a number of stimulus sets, each stimulus set having a target phoneme, and associated grapheme, and a number of distractor phonemes, and associated graphemes. Upon initiation of a trial, a target phoneme is presented to a subject. A stimulus stream is then prepared that consists of a random sequence of distractor phonemes. Located within the sequence of distractor phonemes is the target phoneme. The stimulus sequence is presented to the subject for identification of the target phoneme within the sequence. Speech processing is used to provide multiple levels of emphasis for enhancing a subject's ability to discriminate between similarly sounding phonemes. The processing is applied to the presentation of the target phoneme and the stimulus stream.

Abstract: A method for adaptively training a human subject to process, and to distinguish between, similar acoustic events that are common in spoken language is provided. The method utilizes sequences of up/down frequency sweeps, of varying frequency and duration, and having varying inter stimulus intervals (ISI) between the frequency sweeps. A sequence is presented to the subject for order identification. The subject must listen to the up/down order of a sequence, and signal identification of the up/down order according to what s/he heard. Signal identification is provided utilizing a computer display, a mouse, and graphical buttons corresponding to the up/down frequency sweeps. Correct order identification causes the process to adaptively reduce the ISI separating the frequency sweeps, to reduce the duration of the frequency sweeps, to alter the frequency of the frequency sweeps, and to increase the number of frequency sweeps within a sequence.

Abstract: The invention relates to a computer implemented method for remotely administering and monitoring cognitive tests on a person using a computer network having a remote computer and a remote administering computer. The computer-implemented method includes administering a set of baseline cognitive tests to the person. The method further includes repeatedly administering a set of cognitive tests, obtaining a performance response of the person to the tests and uploading the testing information via the computer network. The method may also include monitoring the performance of the person. A database may be built from the performance response of multiple persons. The computer-implemented method includes administration using at least two computers where at least one is local and the other is remote.

Abstract: The present invention describes computer-implemented methods and apparatus for treating motor control and somatosensory perception deficits. The motor control and somatosensory perception deficits may have their genesis in a wide variety of issues ranging from injury, disease, or a gradual degradation of motor control over time due to repetitive strain, for example. By administering a computer-implemented training regime directed to improve sensory feedback and motor control, abnormal motor control and somatosensory perception may be substantially improved. The computer-implemented training regime includes somatosensory perception and motor control exercises which may be flexibly administered. Several training apparatus are described for implementing the somatosensory perception and motor control exercises. The training apparatus described herein are capable of driving improvements in temporal, spatial and intensity resolution of somatosensory feedback.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for improving biochemical-based therapy, or other forms of therapy such as surgery or radiation, in a human. Using the biochemical-based therapy for discussion, the computer-implemented method may include administering, using a computer, a first stimulus/response exercise to the human to measure at least one of an efficacy of the biochemical portion on the human and an undesirable side effect of the biochemical portion on the human. If the administering the first stimulus/response exercise measures the efficacy of the biochemical portion on the human, the method further includes improving the efficacy of the biochemical portion on the human by identifying a second stimulus/response exercise that at least maintains the efficacy of the biochemical portion on the human, and administering, using the computer, the second stimulus/response exercise to the human.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for implementing a training regimen which alleviates exaggerated sensory, perceptual, cognitive and/or emotional response problems. For example, in the aural domain, some autistic individuals are hypersensitive to one of the senses, e.g., sound. As discussed above, sounds at the specific frequency can cause discomfort to these autistic individuals even when presented at an intensity level which normally is not perceived as being too loud by most individuals. Similarly, tinnitus afflicted individuals also suffer from disconcerting perceived ringing sensations in their ears. The present invention hypothesizes that a catastrophic cascade of responses within a “supergroup” of auditory neurons is triggered by a hypersensitive response to a particular frequency or range of frequencies.

Abstract: Computer-implemented perceptual and cognitive training techniques for remediating schizophrenia, either prophylactically prior to the onset of clinically observable schizophrenic behaviors or after the development of schizophrenia symptoms in a person. The computer-implemented behavioral exercises are designed to be sufficiently intensive, both in the number of repetitions and in the attentional focus related to task difficulty, such that permanent changes in neurotransmitter expression are achieved.

Abstract: A system for stimulating brain plasticity releases acetylcholine into the learner's brain while the learner is receiving incoming stimuli or performing an activity during the learning process. It is believed that acetylcholine helps the brain in the learning and memorizing process. In one embodiment, the nucleus basalis region of the learner's brain is electrically stimulated to release acetylcholine, thereby aiding the learning and memorizing process. The electrical stimulation advantageously reduces the need for the learner to attach “behavioral importance” and to pay close attention on the incoming stimuli or activity to stimulate the release of acetylcholine. In other embodiments, delivery systems such as microinjection, implanted micro release devices or implanted photo-sensitive release devices may be used to release acetylcholine into the brain to aid the learning process.

Abstract: A system and process for calibrating the presentation of stimuli and/or hit window by ascertaining the hit window relative to stimuli presented on a computer. The system includes a first circuit for generating the stimuli, and a second circuit for simulating responses to the stimuli. The response initially does not overlap the hit window and causes an incorrect response cue to be generated. Either the start time of the response or the duration of the response may then iteratively be modified to cause the response to eventually overlap the hit window, thereby generating a correct response cue. The two consecutive responses that cause the hit window to be nonoverlapped and then overlapped are identified for the purpose of ascertaining the range of time that includes the start of the hit window. Either the start time of the response or the duration of the response may be iteratively varied to cause the hit window to be nonoverlapped by the response, thereby causing the incorrect response cue to be generated.

Abstract: The invention relates, in one embodiment to a computer-implemented method for dynamically tailoring dosages of a biochemical compound administered to a human under a biochemical-based therapy program. The method includes administering a first plurality of stimulus exercises to the human over a period of time. The first plurality of stimulus exercises are administered to the human after at least one administration of the biochemical compound. The method also includes measuring responses from the first plurality of stimulus exercises to assess efficacy levels of the biochemical portion on the human as a function of time over the period of time. The method further includes dynamically modulating the dosages of the biochemical compound responsive to the efficacy levels measured from the first plurality of stimulus exercises.

Abstract: A computer-implemented technique for remediating depression in a person which includes assessing, using a computer-implemented interactive behavioral assessment regime, a depression index for the person. If the depression index is above a predefined benchmark, the computer-implemented technique includes periodically reassessing the depression index by waiting for at least a predefined period of time, and performing the above assessing step after the predefined period of time expires. If the depression index is below the predefined benchmark, treating the person by administering computer-implemented interactive behavioral training to the person. The computer-implemented interactive behavioral training is sufficiently intensive during each training day to create a permanent change in modulatory functions of neurotransmitters of one of norepinephrine and serotonin in the person.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for diagnosing and/or treating tinnitus in a human subject is disclosed. The method includes generating tonal stimuli for characterizing the intensity and frequency range of the tinnitus. The method further includes generating a set of tonal stimuli used in tests comprised of tasks designed to treat the tinnitus of the human subject. The tests may be readministered at varying levels of difficulty based on the performance of the human subject. The computer-implemented method further includes providing the set of tests to the human being and receiving a response from the human being. The response from the human subject is compared to a performance threshold before potential modification of the tests. The computer-implemented method includes administration using at least two computers where at least one is local and the other is remote.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved method and apparatus for the identification and treatment of language perception problems in specific language impaired (SLI) individuals. The invention provides a method and apparatus for screening individuals for SLI and training individuals who suffer from SLI to remediate the effects of the impairment by using the spectral content of interfering sound stimuli and the temporal ordering or direction of the interference between the stimuli.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for screening an individual's ability to process acoustic events is provided. The invention provides sequences (or trials) of acoustically processed target and distractor phonemes to a subject for identification. The acoustic processing includes amplitude emphasis of selected frequency envelopes, stretching (in the time domain) of selected portions of phonemes, and phase adjustment of selection portions of phonemes relative to a base frequency. After a number of trials, the method of the present invention develops a profile for an individual that indicates whether the individual's ability to process acoustic events is within a normal range, and if not, what processing can provide the individual with optimal hearing. The individual's profile can then be used by a listening or processing device to particularly emphasize, stretch, or otherwise manipulate an audio stream to provide the individual with an optimal chance of distinguishing between similar acoustic events.

Abstract: A training system used while a person is speaking uses a feedback modification technique to reduce accents. As the speaker is speaking, the system feeds back to the speaker the speaker's speech in "real-time" so that the speaker, in effect, hears what he or she is saying while saying it. The system includes a detector configured to monitor a speaker's speech to detect a preselected target vowel sound that the speaker wishes to produce accurately. In response to the detector detecting a "target" vowel sound, a cue generator generates a sensory cue (e.g., an amplification of the "target" vowel sound) that is perceived by the speaker. As the speaker is speaking, the generator feeds back to the speaker the sensory cue along with the speech so that the cue is coincident with the "target" vowel sound.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for implementing a training regimen which addresses motor control problems accompanied by sensory degradation. Accordingly, the training regimen is applicable to motor control disorders associated with a variety of different causes, including traumatic injury, disease, aging and gradual "occupational" type injury. For example, in an individual suffering from repetitive strain injury (RSI), the disabling motor control problems are often accompanied by sensory problems. These sensory problems appear to be caused over time by harmful attended rapid repetitive movements resulting in undesirable changes in the somatosensory, proprioceptive and/or kinesthetic ability of the affected regions of the individual.

Abstract: A student user of a client computer system uses a teaching process to promote development of cognitive skills of the student and a supervisor uses a second client computer to remotely monitor the progress of the student. The teaching process presents various types of stimuli to the student and records student response data which correspond to the stimuli. In addition, the teaching process forms evaluation data from the student response data where the evaluation data represents a correlation between the student response data for respective stimuli and predetermined correct response data for respective stimuli. Furthermore, the teaching process modifies its own behavior according to the evaluation data to thereby tailor the behavior of the teaching process to the cognitive abilities of the student. The student response data is uploaded to a global student database which is accessible to a supervisor user.

Abstract: A treatment system for reducing stuttering uses an auditory feedback modification technique to train the stutterer's speech motor control system to be more stable. The auditory feedback modification is based on a model of speech motor control in the human brain that incorporates a variation of observer-based control and Smith prediction. In addition, the Kalman gain of the model is set by comparing the speech muscular control signals sent to the person's vocal tract to the corresponding auditory speech sounds the person actually hears. It is believed that the speech motor control system of a stutterer has set the Kalman gain too high, thereby creating an unstable control system that in turn causes stuttering. A feedback modifier feeds back the stutterer's speech to the stutterer with a perturbation that is small enough to pass a validator function that is believed to be part of the speech motor control system.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for predicting, diagnosing and/or treating reading deficit in a human being is disclosed. The method includes generating a set of tonal stimuli, which includes at least a first tonal stimulus and a second tonal stimulus. The first tonal stimulus is separated from the second tonal stimulus by an interval. The computer-implemented method further includes providing the set of tonal stimuli to the human being and receiving a response from the human being. The response from the human being indicates a perception by the human being pertaining to the set of tonal stimuli. Further, the computer-implemented method includes ascertaining a first parameter pertaining to the set of tonal stimuli at which the response is inaccurate. The first parameter is one of a frequency parameter and a time parameter. The first parameter indicates that the human is susceptible to the reading deficit if the first parameter is above a predefined parameter value.