Abstract: A spatially coherent machine for manufacturing comprises, in one example, a workpiece holder configured to secure a workpiece, a toolholder with at least one axis of motion control configured to perform a subtractive machining operation on the workpiece using a machining tool, a heating element configured to perform a heating operation on the workpiece, and a forming element configured to perform a forming operation in which force is applied to the workpiece in an amount that causes plastic deformation of the workpiece material. The workpiece holder secures the workpiece during the heating, forming, and subtractive operations such that the forming and subtractive operations are performed in a spatially coherent manner.