Abstract: There is provided an assay suitable for the typing of bacterial strains. In the assay a predetermined amount of phage is combined with a bacterial isolate of unknown strain, the mixture being located in a suitable container. The mixture of phage and bacteria is conveniently held in a liquid or semi-liquid medium facilitating interaction of the two species. The extent of bacterial growth in the presence of the phage is measured by conventional means, preferably by means of an OD reading. Desirably the phage is retained in the selected container, which is conveniently a micro-titer plate, through use of a fixant such as 5% gelatin.

Abstract: A method of producing a chimeric protein from ie a plant virus coding for such a protein. The method allows the production of large (ie 25 kDa) proteins which assemble with the virus in infected host cells and are arranged on the outer surface of chimeric viruses. A vector for the production of biologically useful proteins in such a manner is also disclosed.

Abstract: An expression control polynucleotide capable of affecting the expression of a second polynucleotide, and derived from a spliceosomal protein gene promoter. Isolation of plant spliceosomal protein gene promoters from potato and maize is described. Partial sequences of the promoters of two potato spliceosomal protein gene promoters are disclosed.

Abstract: Anti-viral material comprising a mannose-specific lectin obtained from a bulb of the plant family Amaryllidaceae, for example Narcissus pseudonarcissus, and the use of this material to produce a medicament and a vaccine. The material is effective against RNA viruses which contain glycoproteins with mannose (alpha-1>3) or (alpha-1>6) mannose linkages, for example HIV or HTLV such a Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Human T Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) and can also be used as a diagnostic.

Abstract: This cultivar was formed by crossing two unnamed selections bred at the Scottish Crop Research Institute. The new cultivar is noted for its high yield of large, slightly glossy black fruit and its sturdy, erect or semi-erect thornfree stems.

Abstract: A new and distinct cultivar of black currant (i.e., Ribes nigrum L.) is provided. The cultivar forms attractive very large deep black glossy berries in good yields that are amenable to mechanical harvesting. A vigorous and compact growth habit commonly is exhibited. A cup-shaped plant commonly is formed wherein slightly fewer branches are present at the center. The new cultivar flowers early and the berries mature early. Good resistance to American gooseberry mildew is exhibited. The new cultivar is well suited for consumption when freshly picked or can be canned to form jams, preserves, conserves, etc.

Abstract: A new and distinct cultivar of black currant (i.e., Ribes nigrum L.) is provided. The cultivar forms attractive very large deep black glossy berries in good yields that are well amenable to mechanical harvesting. A vigorous and compact growth habit commonly is exhibited. The new cultivar flowers very late and the berries also mature late in the season. Good resistance to American gooseberry mildew is exhibited. The new cultivar is well suited for consumption when freshly picked or can be canned to form jams, preserves, conserves, etc.

Abstract: The new and distinct cultivar of raspberry (i.e., Rubus idaeus L.) is provided. The cultivar forms attractive large bright red berries of good flavor in exceptionally high yields on long fruiting laterals. The drupelet cohesion tends to be somewhat reduced when the plant is grown in cooler climates (e.g., Scotland). The plant exhibits a spine-free very upright growth habit of good vigor. The berries are suitable for consumption as high grade fresh fruit and also are amenable to processing. Additionally, the plant has displayed resistance to Amphorophora idaei aphid virus vector.