Abstract: The present invention is a system and technique for reducing the effective beam width of a receive beam for a sensing system, for example a sonar or radar system. The sensing system includes a plurality of physical sensors each for measuring a receive signal wherein each receive signal includes a first and second data processing unit. The sensing system may include means for computing sensor data for at least one extrapolated-sensor, including, first extrapolation means for computing a first extrapolated-sensor data unit of the at least one extrapolated-sensor by extrapolation of a first data processing unit of the plurality of physical sensors, and second extrapolation means for computing a second extrapolated-sensor data unit of the at least one extrapolated-sensor by extrapolation of a second data processing unit of the plurality of physical sensors.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for calculating a sound velocity or sound velocity error in an ocean, gulf, sea, bay, littoral region, lake, or river at a first locale using a sensing system (for example, a sonar system) having at least one sensor. The technique includes calculating echo time data of a first sounding which is projected in the direction of the first locale at a first angle; calculating first bathymetric data for the first locale using echo time data of the first sounding; calculating echo time data of a second sounding which is projected in the direction of the first locale at a second angle; calculating second bathymetric data for the first locale using echo time data of the second sounding; and calculating sound velocity at the first locale using the first bathymetric data and the echo time data of the first sounding and second bathymetric data and the echo time of the second sounding.

Abstract: The present invention is a system and technique for reducing the effective beam width of a receive beam for a sensing system, for example a sonar or radar system. The sensing system includes a plurality of physical sensors each for measuring a receive signal wherein each receive signal includes a first and second data processing unit. The sensing system may include means for computing sensor data for at least one extrapolated-sensor, including, first extrapolation means for computing a first extrapolated-sensor data unit of the at least one extrapolated-sensor by extrapolation of a first data processing unit of the plurality of physical sensors, and second extrapolation means for computing a second extrapolated-sensor data unit of the at least one extrapolated-sensor by extrapolation of a second data processing unit of the plurality of physical sensors.

Abstract: The sonar transducer includes a metal core about which is situated a cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic ring element with paper interposed therebetween. In order to improve resistance to fracture resulting from mechanical shock, in one embodiment, the core is reduced in diameter, such that a potting compound can be situated between the paper and the ring. In a second embodiment, the ring element is divided into two individual, axially aligned cylindrical ring subelements with a gasket interposed therebetween.