Abstract: An insulation blanket for a pipeline, comprising at least one insulating cell, wherein the or each insulating cell comprises a protective layer and an insulating layer.

Abstract: A concrete or the like mattress for laying over a pipeline on the seabed comprises an elongate recess or tunnel (5) having an insulating material (6) located therein. The mattress is laid over a subsea pipeline so that the pipeline is received within the insulant-containing tunnel. The pipeline is thus physically protected and thermally insulated. The mattress can comprise a plurality of concrete or like members (1,2,2',3,3') articulated together.

Abstract: A ground anchor comprises an anchor plate (1) which is to be driven edge first into the ground. A flexible anchor strap or web (4) is attached to the plate, and the plate has a tail flap (7) which provides a fulcrum about which the buried anchor plate can pivot. Apparatus (5) are provided on the anchor whereby it can be driven into the ground with rotation about a generally horizontal axis. Once it is buried the strap (4) can be used to increase the rotation of the plate and thus give the plate maximum resistance to withdrawal from the ground.

Abstract: A concrete or like articulated mattress for protection of seabed installations comprises a plurality of concrete elements (31, 32, 33, 34, 35) articulated together, the mattress having a relatively thick central block (33) from which its thickness tapers through side blocks (31, 32, 34, 35) to side edges (36, 37). In the central block (33) a tunnel (60) is provided to accomodate a seabed installation such as a pipeline to be protected. Prior to installation on a seabed, the side blocks (31, 32, 34, 35) may be folded over and stored on the top of the central block (33).

Abstract: A substantially continuous copper-containing antifouling surface is formed on a marine structure by attaching thereto a composite comprising a plurality of strips of copper (or copper alloy) mounted side-by-side on a support. The composite may be adhered to the structure or it may, for example, be applied to an uncured neoprene coating on the structure which is subsequently cured.