Abstract: When an alignment film 416 and an overcoating film 429 are formed by flexography on the front side of a second transparent substrate 420, on which color filters 407R, 407G, and 407B are formed at a predetermined same-color pitch P1, during the procedure for manufacturing a liquid crystal device 400, the pitch of meshes of an anilox roller used in flexography and the pitch of pitches formed on the surfaces of projections of a letterpress are set to be equal to the same-color pitch P1 of the color filters 407R, 407G, and 407B, thereby preventing moiré.

Abstract: To provide a micro-lens substrate wherein a higher contrast ratio can be obtained when used in a liquid crystal panel and the like. A micro-lens substrate 1A includes a first substrate 2 with concaves for microlenses having a plurality of first concaves 31 and first aligment marks 71 formed on a first glass substrate 29, a second substrate 8 with concaves for microlenses having a plurality of second concaves 32 and second aligment marks 72 formed on a second glass substrate 89, a resin layer 9, microlenses 4 consisting of double convex lenses formed of a resin filled in between the first and second concaves 31 and 32, and spacers 5.

Abstract: A first current supplier supplies a first current to a first phase coil of a motor. A second current supplier supplies a second current to a second phase coil of the motor. A current selector selects a value of the first current and a value of the second current, so as to make constant at least one of a magnitude of a synthetic vector obtained by the selected value of the first current and the selected value of the second current at every microstep driving step of the motor, and an angular interval between synthetic vectors corresponding to adjacent microstep driving steps of the motor.

Abstract: An ink cartridge is constituted of an ink-filled bag-shaped ink pack and an outer shell case for housing the ink pack. An ink cartridge according to one embodiment is constituted such that a contact prevention member is housed in the ink pack for preventing close contact between interior surfaces of the ink pack when a reduction arises in the amount of ink stored in the ink pack.

Abstract: In an analog electrical timepiece with a motor coil, when an external operating member is in a prescribed operating condition, the operating mode of the analog electrical timepiece is set to the data receive mode. Next, the analog timepiece generates a synchronization signal which is in synchronized to an external synchronization signal that is input from outside. Then, the analog electrical timepiece, when the operating mode is the data receive mode by the detection circuit, based on a synchronization signal and a data voltage signal that is a voltage signal induced around the motor coil by a data signal input from outside, generates and outputs a receive data.

Abstract: The invention provides a stabilized frequency characteristic over a wide temperature range. A quartz resonating piece is provided such that an electrical axis of quartz corresponds to an X axis, a mechanical axis of the quartz corresponds to a Y axis, and an optical axis of the quartz corresponds to a Z axis. The quartz resonating piece includes a quartz plate having a side that is parallel to an X?axis set by clockwise rotation of the X axis around the Z axis by an angle equal to or greater than ?5.0° and less than ?1.0° or by an angle greater than +1.0° and equal to or less than 15.9°, and another side that is parallel to a Z? axis set by clockwise rotation of the Z axis around the X? axis by an angle in a range from 34.6° to 35.1° inclusive; or a quartz plate having a side that is parallel to the X? axis set by clockwise rotation of the X axis around the Z axis by an angle in a range from ?15.9° to ?5.

Abstract: A method, for manufacturing a nonvolatile memory device, includes: forming a first insulating layer above a semiconductor layer; forming a first conductive layer above the first insulating layer: forming a stopper layer above the first conductive layer; patterning the stopper layer and the first conductive layer; forming an ONO film made of a first silicon oxide layer, a silicon nitride layer and a second silicon oxide layer above the semiconductor layer and on both side surfaces of the first conductive layer; forming a second conductive layer above the ONO film; applying anisotropic etching to the second conductive layer, and thereby forming a side wall-like control gate aside each of both side surfaces of the first conductive layer, the ONO film being interposed therebetween; forming an impurity layer to be a source region or a drain region inside of the semiconductor layer; forming a second insulating layer over an entire surface; polishing the second insulating layer so as to expose the stopper layer; rem

Abstract: An optical component casing (25) having a plurality of holes penetrating toward the inside thereof includes a casing body which is constituted of a container (25A), in which a plurality of optical components are housed and arranged therein, and a lid (25B), and a plurality of positioning members (253) for positioning the plurality of optical components at predetermined positions in the casing body. The plurality of positioning members (253) abut on the optical components by being inserted through the plurality of holes to position the optical components at the predetermined positions on an illumination optical axis of light beam irradiated by a light source.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an optical waveguide includes the steps of forming a liquid-repellent region upon a substrate, and forming the optical waveguide in a region upon the substrate other than the liquid-repellent region.

Abstract: A light conducting unit is disposed between a light source and a region which is to be illuminated. In addition, a light conducting unit includes a polygonal prism made from a first medium with a first coefficient of refraction, a first light conducting unit which directs light to be incident upon a first surface of the polygonal prism, and a second light conducting unit upon which light emitted from a second surface of the polygonal prism is incident, wherein the polygonal prism includes a reflective device which reflects light which is incident into the polygonal prism from the first surface towards the second surface, and a second medium with a second coefficient of refraction which is less than the first coefficient of refraction is provided at the first surface and the second surface.

Abstract: The invention comprises a pair of substrates having electrodes on the opposing inner surfaces and forming a matrix-patterned dot group, liquid crystals sandwiched between said substrates, at least two colors of color filters, at least one polarizing plate, and a reflective plate. Also, of said color filters, at least one color of color filters has a transmissivity of 50% or more for the light of all the wavelengths in the range of 450 nm to 660 nm.

Abstract: An aspect of the invention provides an image display apparatus that displays a plurality of input pixels which form input image data on a display section. In that case, each input pixel can be displayed in such a manner that display pixels having gradation values differing from the gradation value of the input pixel are combined. For example, when a pixel having a particular gradation value exists as an input pixel, the pixel is not displayed on the display section as it is being kept at the gradation value, but instead, is displayed in such a manner that a plurality of display pixels having gradation values differing from the gradation value of the input pixel are combined. As a result, the same gradation value is not displayed continuously. Therefore, this results in that the occurrence of crosstalk, which is problematical particularly in a TFD liquid-crystal panel, is reduced.

Abstract: To provide a pump capable of discharging gas bubbles and thus maintaining a discharging ability, even when the gas bubbles stay inside a pump chamber, a pump includes a primary pump chamber whose volume can be varied by driving a diaphragm, an inlet passage to allow a working fluid to flow into the primary pump chamber, an outlet passage to allow the working fluid to flow out of the primary pump chamber, and check valves to open and close at least the inlet passage. A resultant inertance value of the inlet passage is set to be smaller than a resultant inertance value of the outlet passage. A bubble discharging device to discharge gas bubbles remained in the primary pump chamber is further provided. As a result, it is possible to provide a pump capable of discharging gas bubbles with the bubble discharging device and thus maintain a discharging ability, even when the gas bubbles stay in the primary pump chamber.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator includes a prism group and satisfies either of the following conditions d<0.95×?/(2×(n?1)), d>1.05×?/(2×(n?1)) where d is a distance between a reference surface and a flat surface, ? is a wavelength of an incident light, and n is a refractive index of the prism group.

Abstract: A paper feeding apparatus includes a housing accommodating a plurality of papers, a pickup unit feeding the papers one by one, a movable plate provided in the housing, a friction member provided on the movable plate and on which lower ends of the papers accommodated in the housing abut, and an urging member urging the movable plate in a direction opposite from a paper feeding direction.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes a pair of substrates including a first substrate and a second substrate, an electro-optical material sandwiched between the pair of substrates, a shading film having a predetermined pattern which is at least partially embedded in the first substrate at the surface facing the electro-optical material, display electrodes which are placed on the second substrate at the surface facing the electro-optical material, and lines connected to the display electrodes directly or through switching elements. In accordance with the electro-optical device having such a shading film, it is possible to reduce or prevent coating defects in an alignment layer, nonuniform rubbing treatment to the alignment layer, and cracking of a counter electrode due to the steps in the upper layers resulting from the formation of the shading film.

Abstract: The invention provides a projection display device capable of appropriate light control depending on the kind of the image, the ambient brightness and so on, a method for driving the same, and an illuminator used in the same. The light flux of illumination can be adjusted on the basis of image information. The allowable light control range (dimming control) can be optimally set depending on the information (usage information) on the kind of viewed content, the brightness of viewing environment, the gain of a screen and the like.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element includes a piezoelectric material film made of BiFeO3. The piezoelectric element can be used in an ink jet recording head which includes a cavity with a variable internal volume, wherein the internal volume of the cavity changes depending on deformation of the piezoelectric material film included in the piezoelectric element.

Abstract: A projector includes a super-high pressure mercury lamp a spatial light-modulator that modulates a light from the super-high mercury lamp based on an image signal, a projection lens that projects the light modulated, and an optical filter that is used to insert a prism group in the optical path and to remove the prism group that is inserted in the optical path, and a position fixing part that makes a relative-angle between each spatial light-modulator and the prism group constant.

Abstract: An axial-flow fan has a plurality of main fins, and auxiliary fins provided between the main fins, where the position of a front end of the auxiliary fin relative to X axis and the position of a front end of the main fin adjoining the auxiliary fin in reverse-rotary direction are aligned, the height of the auxiliary fin is approximately three fourths of the height of the main fin, and the cross sections of the main fin and the auxiliary fin taken along the axial direction of the main shaft are streamlined.