Abstract: An ultrasonic motor driving circuit has a drive duty generating circuit that intermittently outputs a drive request signal according to the battery voltage, and a drive signal output means that receives the drive request signal to output a drive signal. The drive signal is in the form of bursts with pause intervals, the pause intervals being variable with a change in the battery voltage thereby improving utilization of the battery capacity.

Abstract: An ink jet head capping device provided in an ink jet printer has a cleaning mechanism which performs a brushing operation to remove or wipe ink which has leaked out from an ink nozzle of an ink jet head during a suction operation and which is present on the ink jet head face, and to scrape deposits on the ink jet nozzle and the ink jet head face, which would cause clogging of the ink jet head.

Abstract: A servo control apparatus controls an object according to a target position signal and a detected position signal and drives the object according to a drive torque signal. The servo control apparatus includes an observer receptive of the drive torque signal and the detected position signal which determines an estimated disturbance torque in response thereto. A function unit produces an error command signal dependent on the estimated disturbance torque. The error command signal is successively subtracted from the target position signal to set a temporary position signal which is effective to impart a mechanical compliance to the control object.

Abstract: An ultrasonic motor utilizing flexural travelling wave components. A ball bearing is constituted by the inner ring, the balls, and an outer ring provided with a groove similar to the ball positioning groove of the inner ring, at a position where the ball are interposed. A rotor is provided inside the amplifying projections which are formed in the vibration member. A coil spring is provided in order to bring the rotor and the projections of the vibration member into pressure contact with each other. A spring pressing seat having a groove for receiving the other end of the coil spring is fixed to the support pin, with the coil spring and the support pin centered. The coil spring receiving groove of the inner ring and the coil spring are positioned so as not to share the same vertical plane with the ball. In this manner the thickness of the ultrasonic motor can be reduced.

Abstract: A means is employed to blow a gas for forming a conductive film and a gas for forming an insulating film onto the surface of a specimen while it is being irradiated with an ion beam, in order to easily and quickly form a small conductive pattern and an insulating pattern in a laminated manner, and a means is employed to cut a pattern by the irradiation with an ion beam and to form a new electrically conductive pattern by blowing a gas while the pattern is being irradiated with the ion beam in order to accomplish an electric connection between the patterns, making it possible to locally cut or connect tiny patterns.

Abstract: A liquid crystal light valve cell has two optically different states switchable therebetween by a bias voltage in response to incident light. A ferroelectric liquid crystal layer is sandwiched by a pair of front and rear alignment layers to establish the two bistable states in the ferroelectric liquid crystal layer. A front electrode layer is disposed on the front alignment layer. An optically reflecting layer is disposed on the rear alignment layer. A photo-conductive layer is disposed on the reflecting layer and responsive to the incident light incident from the rear face of cell to increase its electroconductivity.

Abstract: Novel packing cases for image forming sheets are invented. An image forming machine, such as a color hard copying machine uses image forming sheets which are coated on their surfaces with image forming material. Since the image forming material easily comes off from the surface of an image forming sheet, the surface must be protected from physical contacts, particularly during transportation, handling, storing, etc. The novel packing cases are not only provided with protective sheets to protect image forming sheets accommodated in the packing case, but also with other inventive features to avoid any possible physical contacts with the surface of the image recording sheet.

Abstract: In an X-ray image sensor wherein a fiber optic plate having formed thereon a phosphor layer is fitted to and integrated with a solid state imaging device. The present invention relates to an X-ray image sensor using, as the phosphor material, a material to which neodymium (Nd) having a light emission band outside the wavelength range that is absorbed and decreased by coloring damage generated by X-rays is added.

Abstract: A laser beam scanning device is comprised of a laser beam source for emitting a laser beam, a polygon mirror rotatable for reflecting the laser beam to deflect the same linearly in primary scanning direction and a main motor for rotating the polygon mirror. An optically converging system converges the laser beam reflected from the polygon mirror onto a photosensitive medium. A secondary scanning system includes a driving source having a pulse motor for shifting the laser beam relative to the photosensitive medium in secondary scanning direction substantially perpendicular to the primary scanning direction to thereby scan the laser beam two-dimensionally on the photosensitive medium. A controlling circuit produces a common clock signal for controlling and driving the main motor and the pulse motor according to the common clock signal.

Abstract: A standing-wave type ultrasonic motor utilizing flexible standing-wave components. Protuberances are provided nearly at every other intermediate positions of the loops and the nodes of flexible standing-waves generated in the vibration member by the piezo-electric element or the electro-strictive element, and a moving member is brought into pressed contact with the protuberances so as to be frictionally driven. A standing-wave type ultrasonic motor is driven in the forward direction and in the reverse direction while fulfilling the reduction in size, stabilization in performance and improvement in efficiency.Furthermore, an analog-type electronic timepiece is obtained using display means that is driven by the standing-wave type ultrasonic motor, featuring reduced size and thickness.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a projection pad using a liquid crystal panel in which a transmission type liquid crystal panel is placed between a light source and a screen, and an image displace on the surface of the liquid crystal panel is displayed on a screen. In this type of the projection pad, energy of light projected from the light source is partially converted into heat energy at the inside of the projection pad, which increases the temperature of the projection pad thereby causing disadvantage such as liquefication of liquid crystals, abnormal operation of the panel controlling circuit, etc. It is, accordingly, necessary to provide an appropriate cooling mechanism to the inside of the projection pad. In the present invention, the structure of the cooling mechanism is adapted such that sufficient cooling effect can be obtained by an axial flow blower small in the size and reduced in the thickness thereby enabling to reduce the size and decrease the thickness of the projection pad itself.

Abstract: A focused ion beam is irradiated on a predetermined area of a substrate on which a film is to be formed, and a vapor stream of film-forming depositable material is directed onto a localized area of the substrate which is being irradiated with the focused ion beam to convert the film-forming material to a film deposit on the predetermined area of the substrate. The process can be used to repair white-spot defects in masks and to otherwise deposit films having sharply defined edges and widths in the submicron range.

Abstract: A passivation layer covering a metal wire and semiconductor surface of a semiconductor integrated circuit composed of a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) type transistor is a double-layer comprising a silicon nitride (P-SiN) layer formed by plasma CVD method and a phosphorus silicide glass (PSG) layer beneath the silicon nitride layer, and the P-SiN layer has a vacant region (a window) at the portion more than 20 .mu.m and less than 100 .mu.m away from an edge of a gate oxide layer of the transistor.

Abstract: A passivation film of MOS semiconductor device is composed of a first passivation layer and a second passivation layer formed on the first passivation layer. The first passivation layer comprises silicon dioxide containing phosphorus in 0.5 percent or less and having a film thickness of 1500 .ANG. or more. The second passivation layer comprises silicon oxynitride or silicon nitride.

Abstract: An aqueous solution containing reducing agent such as potassium borohydride or sodium borohydride is added with another solution containing salt of an iron-triads-group element and salt of a rare earth element to conduct reaction to effect reduction to the iron-triads-group metal and the rare earth metal to thereby produce fine powder of rare earth magnet composed of alloy of the iron-triads-group metal and the rare earth metal.

Abstract: A fluorescent X-ray film thickness gauge having an X-ray source for generating incident X-rays, a shutter device for shuttering the incident X-rays, a collimator for collimating the incident X-rays, a sample stage for mounting a sample onto which the collimated X-ray is irradiated, and a detector for detecting fluorescent X-rays generated from the sample upon irradiation of the collimated X-rays. The shutter device includes a switching mechanism operable to switch the shutter device between a measurement state and a calibration state, a shutter frame, and a shutter member disposed in the shutter frame and having a measurement passage, a calibration passage and a calibration plate in the calibration passage.

Abstract: Using an organic binder containing at least one water-soluble thermoplastic organic polymer and at least one water-insoluble thermoplastic organic polymer, the water-soluble thermoplastic organic polymer is extracted by debinding treatment in which a plastic molded part such as injection molded part and water are brought into contact with each other to prevent the occurrence of cracks in the molded part. Removal by extraction of the water-soluble thermoplastic polymer reduces the amount of the organic binder contained in the molded part sufficiently, thus preventing the softening and deformation of the molded part at the time of optionally heating and removing the remainder of the organic binder and/or sintering of the molded part and also preventing the occurrence of swelling and cracks by the effect of guide passage formed by the extraction of the organic polymer.