Abstract: The present invention is made to integrate a catalyst and other component(s) to be combined with the catalyst to reduce the number of components, and to reduce contact resistance of the integrated components. A configuration is formed in which a conductive region is provided in at least a portion of a base 3, and a carbon catalyst 2 is formed in the conductive region. The configuration is formed by attaching a carbon precursor polymer to the base and carbonizing the carbon precursor polymer.

Abstract: The present invention is made to provide a carbon catalyst which has high catalytic activity and can achieve high catalyst performance. A carbon catalyst has nitrogen introduced therein. The value of energy peak area ratio of a first nitrogen atom whose electron in the is orbital has a binding energy of 398.5±1.0 eV to a second nitrogen atom whose electron in the is orbital has a binding energy of 401±1.0 eV (i.e., the value of (the first nitrogen atom)/(the second nitrogen atom)) of the introduced nitrogen is 1.2 or less.

Abstract: There are provided a light polarizing film of a grid type, usable for light at a wavelength in a range of a visible light region to an infrared region, and a method of continuously fabricating the same. A PET film 12 was fed via rolls 13, and a mixed liquid containing poly (vinyl alcohol), formaldehyde, ZnO whiskers after metal treatment, and water was applied to the surface of the PET film to a predetermined thickness with the use of a T-die 14, subsequently executing coating while applying shearing stress by varying peripheral velocity of an upper roll 16 of biaxial rolls from that of a lower roll 16? thereof, whereupon the ZnO whiskers were oriented in the longitudinal direction of the film. Thereafter, the film was dried and cured through a constant temperature cell 17 kept at a predetermined temperature, and rolls 18 to be subsequently taken up by a take-up roll 19.

Abstract: An organic nonlinear optical material comprising a 4-nitrophenylaminoacetaldehyde acetal of the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each represent a hydrogen atom, or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and R.sub.4 represents a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group or a halogen atom.

Abstract: Disclosed are an organic nonlinear optical material comprising a 4-nitrophenylaminoacetaldehyde acetal represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## and a polymeric organic nonlinear optical material comprising an acetalized polyvinyl alcohol having the above-mentioned 4-nitrophenylaminoacetaldehyde acetal as the side chain.

Abstract: A nonlinear optical material comprising a nitroaniline derivative represented by the following chemical formula:A--CX.sub.2 --Rwherein A represents ##STR1## (Y represents at least one group selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl groups, deuterated alkyl groups and electron donor groups and Z represents hydrogen, deuterium, a methyl group or a deuterated methyl group), X represents hydrogen or deuterium, and R represents an alkoxy group, a deuterated alkoxy group or the same group as A.

Abstract: A display system includes a display medium which comprises a display layer providing a display area capable of converting coherent light into light of a shorter wavelength through a nonlinear optical effect and converting the coherent light into scattered light. The display area is illuminated imagewise with coherent light such as a scanning laser beam to form a display image with scattered light having a wavelength different from that of the coherent light at the illuminated part of the display area.

Abstract: In producing an electret element having piezoelectric properties by subjecting a vinylidene cyanide copolymer to a polarization treatment, the copolymer is heat-treated at a temperature below the glass transition temperature thereof prior to or simultaneously with the polarization treatment to thereby increase the longitudinal piezoelectric effect (Kt).