Abstract: A wear monitoring device for rolling elements in a machine element has at least one magnet generating a measuring magnetic field, and a magnetic field sensor arrangement for measuring a flux density of the measuring magnetic field. The sensor arrangement has at least one first magnetic field sensor for measuring the flux density at a first measuring position and a second magnetic field sensor for measuring the flux density at a second measuring position at a distance from the first measuring position. The measuring positions are selected such that rolling elements passing the measuring positions are in close contact with one another and a resulting change in the measuring magnetic field is detectable at a measuring position by the respective magnetic field sensor. An evaluation unit records and evaluates the flux densities measured by the magnetic field sensors, to determine diameters and/or changes in the diameters of the rolling elements.

Abstract: An arrangement of at least two adjacently arranged layer structures is provided for a magnetoresistive magnetic field sensor. Each layer structure has at least one antiferromagnetic layer, and a first ferromagnetic layer with a first magnetic moment. Exchange coupling is present between the antiferromagnetic layer and the first ferromagnetic layer. A second ferromagnetic layer with a second magnetic moment is included, wherein the second ferromagnetic layer is antiparallel coupled to the first ferromagnetic layer via a non-magnetic coupling layer arranged between the first and second ferromagnetic layers. The magnetisation of the corresponding first and corresponding second ferromagnetic layers of the adjacently arranged layer structures differs from one another, and in particular is of substantially mutually opposed orientation.

Abstract: A current sensor for magnetic field-based current determination of an alternating current through a current conductor is based on a magnetic field-sensitive sensor element. The sensor element is arranged spatially adjacent the current conductor to detect a magnetic field brought about by the alternating current I in the current conductor. It is proposed that at least one conductive compensation element be arranged separately from the current flow through the current conductor and spatially adjacent the sensor element and the current conductor to compensate frequency-dependent distortions of the magnetic field by means of an induction-generatable compensation magnetic field.

Abstract: A multiphase current measuring apparatus and method for measuring current of a multiconductor current system with N current conductors, where N>2, by determining a magnetic field strength difference in a measurement plane between conductor currents of adjacent current conductors by using the multiphase current measuring apparatus having N?1 magnetoresistive gradient sensors. At least one bypass conductor of at least one of the further current conductors is arranged with respect to each magnetoresistive gradient sensor for compensating a DC field component of the two adjacent current conductors. The DC component of the conductor currents of the two adjacent current conductors is suppressed by passing a bypass current of the at least one further current conductor through the bypass conductor symmetrically through the measurement plane of the magnetoresistive gradient sensor.

Abstract: A magnetic field sensor for measuring a variable magnetic field, in particular for a movement sensor or position sensor, has a magnetoresistive sensor chip and a flat sensor carrier carrying the sensor chip. The carrier has an upper side from which the sensor chip is electrically contactable, the upper side of the sensor carrier having a recess or depression in which the sensor chip is arranged. The sensor chip is electrically contactable from the upper side and that the sensor chip receives a magnetic field to be measured via an underside of the sensor carrier. A manufacturing method for manufacturing an above magnetic field sensor and a measuring method are proposed.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive Wheatstone bridge includes two bridge branches connected in parallel between a supply potential Vb, wherein two series-connected resistor arrangements R1 and R3 or R2 and R4 are arranged in each bridge branch with an interposed measuring potential Vout. The resistor arrangements of the two bridge branches are situated diagonally opposite one another and at least two magnetoresistive resistor arrangements have a magnetically sensitive preferred direction. The preferred directions of diagonally opposing resistor arrangements of the bridge branches R1 and R4 or R2 and R3 differ by an angle other than 0° or 180°. An angle sensor includes at least two of the Wheatstone bridges offset by a predefined angle for determining an angular orientation of a magnetic field by a sine bridge and a cosine bridge. The measuring bridge reduces harmonics and optimizes resistance values, improving the accuracy of a phase-angle sensor signal and the sensor resolution.

Abstract: Sensor error detection with an additional channel is disclosed herein. First and second magnetic sensing elements can be disposed at angles relative to each other. In some embodiments, the first and second magnetic sensing elements can be magnetoresistive sensing elements, such as anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) sensing elements. Sensor data from first and second channels, respectively, having the first and second sensing elements, can be obtained. Third channel can receive a signal from the first sensing element and a signal from the second sensing element, and sensor data from the third channel can be obtained. Expected third channel data can be determined and compared to the obtained third channel data to indicate error.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are for the permanent magnetization of at least one ferromagnetic layer in a magnetic field sensor device deposited on a chip substrate. The method includes production of at least one resistance element on a chip substrate, deposition of at least one soft magnetic structuring element on the chip substrate; heating of the resistance element to above the blocking temperature and coupling of a preconditioning magnetic field; cooling of the resistance element to below the blocking temperature; and removal of the preconditioning magnetic field. The soft magnetic structuring element is arranged such that the coupled preconditioning magnetic field penetrates the structuring element substantially perpendicular to the chip surface and, at the location of the resistance element, generates magnetic field components parallel to the chip surface which penetrate the ferromagnetic layer of the resistance element at least in some areas.

Abstract: A magnetic field sensor apparatus is provided for measuring one magnetic field vector component He. The apparatus includes at least one anisotropic magneto-resistive resistor device (AMR resistor device) on a chip substrate, where the resistor device includes a plurality of magneto-resistive AMR resistor elements which are connected in series by electrically conductive strips. At least one permanent-magnetic magnetization element with a magnetization axis is assigned to each resistor element in such a way that the resistor element is passed through by an initial magnetization field H0 of the magnetization element in the direction of the magnetization axis. A measurement current IS flowing through the resistor element from a contact region between a first conductive strip and the resistor element to a contact region between the resistor element and a second conductive strip has a mean current direction axis at a predefined linearization angle ?>0° and ?<90° relative to the magnetization axis.

Abstract: A magnetic field sensor apparatus for determining two or three components of a magnetic field includes at least one Wheatstone bridge with two half-bridges, wherein each half-bridge includes at least two bridge resistors, and at least one of the two bridge resistors is a magnetic-field-sensitive resistor with respect to a magnetic field component in an X/Y magnetic field sensor plane. Arranged symmetrically between the two magnetic-field-sensitive bridge resistors is a ferromagnetic flux concentration element which generates magnetic field components which are anti-symmetric with respect to a Z magnetic field component oriented perpendicular to the X/Y magnetic field sensor plane and are in the X/Y magnetic field sensor plane. A coordinate aspect proposes a method for determining a two-dimensional or three-dimensional orientation of an external magnetic field by such a magnetic field sensor apparatus.

Abstract: A magnetic field sensor apparatus for determining two or three components of a magnetic field includes at least one Wheatstone bridge with two half-bridges, wherein each half-bridge includes at least two bridge resistors, and at least one of the two bridge resistors is a magnetic-field-sensitive resistor with respect to a magnetic field component in an X/Y magnetic field sensor plane, Arranged symmetrically between the two magnetic-field-sensitive bridge resistors is a ferromagnetic flux concentration element which generates magnetic field components which are anti-symmetric with respect to a Z magnetic field component oriented perpendicular to the X/Y magnetic field sensor plane and are in the X/Y magnetic field sensor plane. A coordinate aspect proposes a method for determining a two-dimensional three-dimensional orientation of an external magnetic field by such a magnetic field sensor apparatus.

Abstract: A magnetic field sensor apparatus is provided for measuring one magnetic field vector component He. The apparatus includes at least one anisotropic magneto-resistive resistor device (AMR resistor device) on a chip substrate, where the resistor device includes a plurality of magneto-resistive AMR resistor elements which are connected in series by electrically conductive strips. At least one permanent-magnetic magnetization element with a magnetization axis is assigned to each resistor element in such a way that the resistor element is passed through by an initial magnetization field H0 of the magnetization element in the direction of the magnetization axis. A measurement current IS flowing through the resistor element from a contact region between a first conductive strip and the resistor element to a contact region between the resistor element and a second conductive strip has a mean current direction axis at a predefined linearization angle ?>0° and ?<90° relative to the magnetization axis.

Abstract: A sensor assembly for determining a spatial position of a first part relative to a second part has at least one magnet disposed on the first part. The magnet generates a magnetic field that extends to the second part. The sensor assembly further has a pair of magnetic field sensors arranged at a spatial distance from each other on the second part. The magnet is positioned in an interval defined by the spatial distance between the magnetic field sensors. The magnetic field sensors each produce an output signal depending on the magnetic field. The output signals of the two magnetic field sensors are combined to form a common sensor signal related to the spatial position of the first part relative to the second part. The output signals of the two magnetic field sensors essentially represent a direction of the magnetic field at the location of the respective magnetic field sensors.

Abstract: An arrangement is provided for measuring electrical currents and is based on magnetic fields. By at least one sensor element which is sensitive to magnetic fields, current is measured in a bent conductor element including a conductor section which is active in terms of current measurement and at least one conductor section which is parasitic in terms of current measurement. In the region of the conductor section which is active in terms of current measurement, the sensor element is oriented, i.e. twisted, tilted, and/or height-adjusted with respect to the conductor section which is parasitic in terms of current measurement, such that the magnetic field of the conductor section which is active in terms of current measurement is oriented substantially in the direction of sensitivity and the magnetic field of the conductor section which is parasitic in terms of current measurement is oriented substantially not in the direction of sensitivity.

Abstract: The assembly for measuring at least one component (x, y, z) of an applied magnetic field (H) including a surface area made of soft-magnetic material that is applied in the chip plane and separated into two partial regions (5) by a gap (6). The gap (6) is composed of gap sections having different longitudinal directions, and magnetic field sensitive elements (2) are accommodated in one or more gap sections disposed parallel to each other. The sensitivity direction (4) of the magnetic field sensitive elements (2) and the connecting line (6?) of the outer gap openings can form angles of 45° or 90°, and several surface areas can be present in the chip plane in order to completely capture all magnetic field components (x, y, z). Magnetoresistive sensor elements can advantageously be utilized as magnet-sensitive elements (2).

Abstract: Disclosed is an arrangement for high-resolution determination of positions on linear or circular ferromagnetic measuring rods (3) that have a teeth structure, said arrangement providing reliable results in an environment affected by magnetic interference. For this purpose, a magnetic field sensor (1) is placed at the point where the field of a permanent magnet (4) is at a maximum and is mounted across from the measuring rod (3) in such a way that the soft magnetic material of the measuring rod causes the field to strengthen further. The obtained field strength is sufficient to be able to use multilayer GMR sensors in which the resistance changes by more than 40 percent, thus allowing a high signal amplitude to be used for greater position resolution.

Abstract: An arrangement for potential-free measurement of current flowing in two primary conductors arranged in parallel in opposite directions of each other. The magnetic differential field is detected by a differential field sensor. The primary conductors and the differential field sensor are disposed between two metal shield plates made of a highly permeable material. Each shield plate has a web and the webs extend on both sides of the arrangement of the primary conductors in parallel to the arrangement. At least one shield plate has a U-shape in cross-sectional planes having one pair of limbs that extend at a right angle in a longitudinal direction to the U-shaped cross-sectional planes. At least one limb of one shield plate is aligned toward the other shield plates on one of the limbs while leaving an air gap.

Abstract: A sensor assembly for determining a spatial position of a first part relative to a second part has at least one magnet disposed on the first part. The magnet generates a magnetic field that extends to the second part. The sensor assembly further has a pair of magnetic field sensors arranged at a spatial distance from each other on the second part. The magnet is positioned in an interval defined by the spatial distance between the magnetic field sensors. The magnetic field sensors each produce an output signal depending on the magnetic field. The output signals of the two magnetic field sensors are combined to form a common sensor signal related to the spatial position of the first part relative to the second part. The output signals of the two magnetic field sensors essentially represent a direction of the magnetic field at the location of the respective magnetic field sensors.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a device for quantitative analysis of an analyte in a liquid sample by detecting a magnetic label, an instrument for controlling the analysis process and displaying the results and a method for performing said analysis with said device and said instrument.

Abstract: A ball and socket joint with integrated angle sensor, especially for use as a vehicle level control in the chassis of a motor vehicle. The ball and socket joint has a ball and socket joint housing (1), a ball pivot (2) mounted in the ball and socket joint housing (1), a bipolar field transducer (4) arranged at the joint ball (3) of the ball pivot (2), and at least one magnetic field direction sensor (5), which is arranged at the ball and socket joint housing (1) and interacts with the magnetic field generated by the field transducer (4), wherein only one pole of the bipolar field transducer (4) is arranged on the surface of the ball.