Abstract: A noncontact sensor detects the signal waveform of analog and digital signals transmitted individually and, alternately, in combination, in designated transmission frequency bands on a pair of conductors.

Abstract: A diffusion-type NDIR gas analyzer with an improved response time due to convection flow created by a temperature gradient between gas located within a waveguide and gas located within a diffusion pocket of space created between the waveguide and a semi-permeable membrane which surrounds the waveguide. The temperature gradient may be created by a thermally resistive radiation source that is not thermally isolated from the waveguide. The semi-permeable membrane is made of a hydrophobic material and has a thickness sufficient to provide its own structural integrity. The semi-permeable membrane can have a porosity less than approximately 50 microns and be comprised of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene or Teflon®.

Abstract: A method of evaluating a carbohydrate in a sample. The method includes providing a low valency carbohydrate binding ligand, providing a glycoconjugate which includes a label, and a carbohydrate moiety, contacting the low valency carbohydrate binding ligand and the glycoconjugate with the sample, determining the extent of binding of the low valency carbohydrate binding ligand with the glycoconjugate, the binding of the low valency carbohydrate binding ligand with the glycoconjugate being correlated with the amount of carbohydrate in the sample.

Abstract: An acceleration recorder and related method for monitoring, discriminating, and recording acceleration events only when the acceleration and calculated velocity change both exceed selected trigger values. While the acceleration values meet a first, user-defined threshold, the acceleration values are integrated to calculate a velocity change value. If the velocity change value meets a second, user-defined threshold, the acceleration event, including the velocity change, is recorded in memory.

Abstract: An in vivo method and apparatus for detecting an analyte in an individual. A sensor that includes a fluorescence reagent is placed in communication with the body fluids of the individual suspected of containing the analyte in such a way that once in place said sensor does not exit the skin of the individual. The sensor is configured to retain the fluorescence reagent while allowing analyte to diffuse into and out of said sensor. The sensor is illuminated transdermally, and the fluorescence from the fluorescence reagent associated with the presence of the analyte is measured.

Abstract: A power circuit for use with a resistive thermal radiation source in which the power delivered to the resistive thermal radiation source will remain constant within a preselected deviation over a fixed period of time as the source resistance of the source varies between an initial source resistance and a second source resistance at the operating temperature. The power circuit is designed to maintain constant power within a preselected deviation by using the resistance of the resistive thermal radiation source to calculate a preselected resistance used in the power circuit according to the following equation: ##EQU1## wherein .DELTA.P=P.sub.si -P.sub.s ; P.sub.si =the initial power on the resistive thermal radiation source; P.sub.s =the power on the resistive thermal radiation source when the source resistance is equal to the second source resistance; K.sub.1 =RO/R.sub.si ; R0=the preselected resistance; R.sub.si =the initial source resistance; K.sub.2 =R.sub.s /R.sub.si ; and R.sub.

Abstract: A fire detector with a maximum average response time of less than 1.5 minutes is obtained by combining a smoke detector with a CO.sub.2 detector that uses NDIR sensor technology. The smoke detector is used to detect smoldering fires and to help prevent false alarms attributable to the CO.sub.2 detector. The CO.sub.2 detector is used to rapidly detect fires by measuring the rate of change of CO.sub.2 concentration. A signal processor generates an alarm signal when a smoldering fire is detected or alarm logic indicates that a fire has been detected.

Abstract: An in-situ imaging system suitable for analyzing particles or droplets contained in process reactor vessels or pipelines at full process concentrations is disclosed. The system includes a light source capable of high peak power output operated in a pulsed mode that is located inside of a probe. The light from the light source is coupled into an optical fiber. The light is carried by the optical fiber to a lens system near the end of the probe which focuses the light through a window to the area which coincides with the field of view in the focal plane of the imaging optics. The imaging optics collect the light which is back-scattered from particles or droplets, magnifying the image and projecting it onto an image detector such as a CCD array.

Abstract: A fire detector having a greatly reduced frequency of generating false alarms. An AND gate is responsive to outputs from first and second fire detector modules that are responsive to the detection of first and second characteristics of a fire, respectively, to signal the detection of a fire if both of these characteristics have been detected. At least one override path is included to enable the occurrence of a particular type of fire to be signaled that would not otherwise be signaled by the output of said AND gate.

Abstract: A fire detector with a maximum average response time of less than 1.5 minutes is obtained by combining a smoke detector with a CO.sub.2 detector that uses NDIR sensor technology. The smoke detector is used to detect smoldering fires and to help prevent false alarms attributable to the CO.sub.2 detector. The CO.sub.2 detector is used to rapidly detect fires by measuring the rate of change of CO.sub.2 concentration. A signal processor generates an alarm signal when a smoldering fire is detected or alarm logic indicates that a fire has been detected.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for recording time history data of physical variables during a recording session divided into discrete time windows each uniquely paired with a discrete segment of memory. Each recordable event is stored in the segment of memory corresponding to the time window during which it occurred. If the corresponding segment of memory is filled, the event is processed using an overwrite scheme that considers for replacement only those events in that segment of memory.

Abstract: Multichannel infrared detector assemblies for use in the detection and monitoring of gas concentrations are provided.

Abstract: A fire detector which combines an NDIR CO.sub.2 gas detector with a photoelectric smoke detector to minimize false alarms by logic means that can be integrated into a single chip that can have an ASIC section and a microprocessor section. The NDIR CO.sub.2 detector can be single or dual channel. The NDIR CO.sub.2 gas detector and the photoelectric smoke detector can be separate or combined in a single device in which they are optically isolated by a light-tight barrier but still use a common light source. Also, the CO.sub.2 and smoke detectors can be combined on a single substrate within a common housing.

Abstract: A passive source infrared gas detector which uses an ambient temperature source and the space between the detector assembly and the source as the sample chamber is provided, the gas detector includes an infrared detector assembly for producing a first output, a second output, and a third output, the first output being indicative of the radiation received by the detector assembly at a first non-neutral spectral band which is absorbable by a preselected gas to be detected, the second output being indicative of the radiation received by the detector assembly at a first neutral spectral band from the passive infrared source, and the third output being indicative of the radiation received by the detector assembly at a second neutral spectral band from the passive infrared source. Signal processing means are included for manipulating the three outputs to determine the concentration of the gas being monitored.

Abstract: The present invention describes an optical technique for analyzing undiluted, multi-phase fluid flows as typically encountered inside reactor vessels or flow lines in the chemical industries. In particular the technique uses a pulsed, coherent light source and measures the back-scattered light collected over a wide scattering angle. A light beam is relayed via a set of lenses down a long probe tube, through a window at a probe tip to illuminate the material that is passing past the window. The light beam is pulsed to "freeze" the motion of the particles streaming past the window. The backscattered light is collected by the same set of optics and is focused on the front surface of a CCD chip.

Abstract: An improved fiberoptic pressure sensing system is disclosed by tapering the tip end of an optical fiber, or alternatively, by tapering or bundling a fiber or group of fibers within a connector. By selectively joining together fibers with a taper while tailoring numerical apertures of the connected fibers, a fiberoptic pressure sensing system is provided with an enhanced ability to increase sensitivity and signal-to-noise performance.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining pressure at one or a number of intermediate points along a catheter inserted into a closed cavity. Fiberoptic cables extend from the proximal end of the catheter to the intermediate points at which pressure measurements are taken as well as to the distal tip of the catheter. The fiberoptic cables transport light signals injected at the proximal end and said light signals are illuminated in the direction of a flexible, reflective membrane. A pressure sensing coupler interconnects proximal and distal sections of the catheter sheath and also houses the pressure sensor. The pressure sensing coupler includes a plurality of radial ports which provide communication between the fluid in the cavity and a pressure sensing chamber, which is also in communication with the reflective membrane. The pressure sensing coupler also enables the passage of inner catheters through axial passageways for interconnection to other distally located pressure sensors.

Abstract: Apparatus and a method are disclosed for determining the sizes of particles entrained in a fluid over a relatively wide range of sizes and determining the distribution of particles in a plurality of size increments. A sample of particles is fed into a drop tube, allowing the particles to be distributed at a relatively low density and fall through a sensing region defined at an intermediate point in the drop tube. A laser diode produces coherent light that is focused with a lens, forming a sheet of coherent light that is directed transversely through transparent sides of the drop tube toward a lens that focuses the sheet of coherent light on a photodetector. A laser intensity control circuit maintains a constant light intensity output from the laser diode when no particle is present in the sensing region and compensates for ambient light. When a particle in the size range of 32.mu. to 4000.mu.