Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for purifying produced water, comprising a closed loop cation exchange unit, a closed loop anion exchange unit, and an intermediate degasifier.

Abstract: One or more embodiments of the present invention relate to a short cut or shortened method for the removal of nitrogen from wastewater by pairing an aerobic fixed-film biological reactor with an anoxic fixed-film biological reactor under unique operating conditions.

Abstract: An underdrain apparatus includes one or more underdrain blocks and an anchor assembly that includes one or more support members. Each of the underdrain blocks includes a top wall, a bottom wall, a pair of opposing side walls, a pair of opposing end walls, and a center separation wall that extends between the pair of opposing end walls. The center separation wall of at least one of the underdrain blocks may have one or more apertures formed therein, the apertures configured to receive at least one of the support members. One or more of the side walls of the pair of opposing side walls of the underdrain blocks may have one or more side clips. At least one of the side clips defines an aperture for receiving a support member.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for enhancing the ultraviolet output of a water disinfection apparatus by: (i) maintaining the source of the UV radiation at a stable operating temperature and, (ii) facilitating an efficient transfer of microwave energy to the source of the UV radiation.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for enhancing the ultraviolet output of a water disinfection apparatus by: (i) maintaining the source of the U V radiation at a stable operating temperature and (ii) facilitating an efficient transfer of microwave energy to the source of the UV radiation.

Abstract: A system and method for forming a filter media support system with multiple locking mechanisms. The support system comprises two or more interlocking rows of support blocks. One or more slides and one or more guides protrude from the side walls of the blocks. Each guide is conformed to receive one slide from a neighboring block, forming a first locking joint. The side walls also comprise one or more nubs and one or more recesses. Each nub is conformed to fit within one recess of a neighboring block, forming a second locking joint. In one embodiment, the method for assembling the support system comprises aligning a slide of a first support block with a guide of a second support block. The slide of the first support block is vertically moved into the guide of the second support block. Force is applied so that the nubs are flexed within the recesses.

Abstract: An underdrain apparatus includes one or more underdrain blocks and an anchor assembly that includes one or more support members. Each of the underdrain blocks includes a top wall, a bottom wall, a pair of opposing side walls, a pair of opposing end walls, and a center separation wall that extends between the pair of opposing end walls. The center separation wall of at least one of the underdrain blocks may have one or more apertures formed therein, the apertures configured to receive at least one of the support members. One or more of the side walls of the pair of opposing side walls of the underdrain blocks may have one or more side clips. At least one of the side clips defines an aperture for receiving a support member.

Abstract: A lamp assembly comprising one or more lamp clusters. Each lamp cluster comprises one or more electrodeless UV lamps which are excited by microwaves emitted from a microwave generator. The microwave generator and power supply are enclosed within a housing that is integral with the lamp clusters. The lamp clusters are wholly surrounded by a waveguide. The waveguide, comprising a flange and a distal end cap connected by a mesh, forms an enclosure. The waveguide is essentially UV transparent to allow UV light to pass through but effectively opaque to microwaves in order to substantially contain the microwaves within the waveguide enclosure.

Abstract: There is described a water disinfection apparatus comprising a channel for defining a flow of water, and plural ultraviolet light sources, each comprising an elongate ultraviolet lamp unit comprising at least one ultraviolet bulb and defining an elongate lamp unit axis; and a microwave unit comprising a microwave energy source for exciting the at least one ultraviolet bulb. In use, at least part of the elongate lamp unit encounters the flow of water.

Abstract: A method for managing ballast tank circulation system comprising a means for adding one or more halogens in controlled amounts to the water within the ballast tank. Test streams of water from the ballast tank can be analyzed to determine the level of halogens in the test stream to provide a halogen content signal. A controller receives the signal and compares the signal to a set point indicative of the level of halogen desired within the ballast tank to maintain, increase, or decrease the amount of chemical added to the water within the ballast tank in controlled amounts.

Abstract: A system (10) comprising multiple units (40a-40h) and method for filtration of wastewater (20) is disclosed. Simultaneous denitrification of a single filter unit and normal filtration of the remaining filter units is provided for. Separate flow control systems (36) are described.

Abstract: The method for removing silicon dioxide from a contaminant-removal media bed comprises adding a scrub solution containing an acidic solution of sodium fluoride to a media bed containing silicon dioxide. The scrub solution is allowed to remove the silicon dioxide before the scrub solution is removed from the bed.

Abstract: An underdrain block for a filter system comprises a housing that has of a top wall, a bottom wall, a first end wall, a second end wall, a first side wall, and a second side wall. The end walls and the side walls connect the top wall to the bottom wall. The bottom wall forms two lateral rows of support legs configured to straddle infrastructure of the filter system. One or more snap-locking mechanisms are located on the side walls so that adjacent underdrain blocks are interconnected by the locking mechanisms when snapped in place. In one embodiment, the first side wall comprises one or more tongue lugs and the second side wall comprises one or more groove lugs, each groove lug defines a groove for mating with the tongue lug so that adjacent housings are interconnected by the tongue-in-groove locking mechanisms when the tongue lugs are snapped into the grooves.

Abstract: A system, method, and apparatus for managing a water supply in a water tank are presented herein. A submersible pump is placed inside the water tank. The thrust of the pump causes a considerable increase in water circulation about the water tank, thereby resulting in a more consistent water supply. Chemical disinfectants are added directly in front of the pump, thereby resulting in better mixing. Additionally an outlet from the pump provides a testable sample for measurement of the concentration of the chemical disinfectant. The measurements of the concentration of the chemical disinfectant are provided to a programmable logic controller which makes real time adjustments to the chemical disinfectants that are added.

Abstract: Methods of measuring free and total chlorine content in solutions are provided without lowering the pH of the solution to the acid range by modifying a solution containing chlorine and water to contain a proton donating compound and electrochemically measuring the concentration of the chlorine in the solution. An additional potassium iodide reagent is added when total chlorine content is measured. Stable aqueous reagent solutions useful in automated chlorine analyzers which contain sodium bicarbonate, a base, and water or borax, water, and acid are also described. Finally, apparatuses for detecting the level of chlorine in water samples utilizing an automated chlorine detector, a cartridge having a solid proton donating compound, and optionally a standpipe are discussed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling water impurity level and temperature uniformity within large water-containing reservoirs including a pump located in the body of water, the pump ejecting a jet of water therefrom and ingesting water at a point remote from said ejecting and an eductor positioned in the jet of water for pulling in low pressure water and flowing a stream of water therefrom providing mixing and circulation of water within the reservoir to remove temperature gradients. Water purity is controlled by a controller.

Abstract: Methods of measuring free and total chlorine content in solutions are provided without lowering the pH of the solution to the acid range by modifying a solution containing chlorine and water to contain a proton donating compound and electrochemically measuring the concentration of the chlorine in the solution. An additional potassium iodide reagent is added when total chlorine content is measured. Stable aqueous reagent solutions useful in automated chlorine analyzers which contain sodium bicarbonate, a base, and water or borax, water, and acid are also described. Finally, apparatuses for detecting the level of chlorine in water samples utilizing an automated chlorine detector, a cartridge having a solid proton donating compound, and optionally a standpipe are discussed.