Abstract: Provided herein are battery cell modules of battery packs to power electric vehicles. The battery cell modules can include a plurality of battery cells, each of which can include a housing having a first end and a second end, the housing defining an inner region. An electrode structure can be disposed in the inner region defined by the housing, the electrode structure including a cathode tab that extends from the first end of the housing, and an anode tab that extends from the first end of the housing. A lid can be coupled with the first end of the housing, the lid including a cathode tab opening and an anode tab opening. A base includes a plurality cathode sockets receiving respective cathode tabs of the plurality of battery cells and a plurality of anode sockets receiving respective anode tabs of the plurality of battery cells.

Abstract: Provided herein are battery packs for electric vehicles. A battery pack can include a housing having cavities. The battery pack can include electrode structures having a first tab terminal and a second tab terminal. A cover can be disposed over the housing. The cover can include first junction connectors extending between a first surface of the cover and a second surface of the cover. The first tab terminal of each electrode structure can be welded to respective first junction connectors.

Abstract: A laminated bus bar of an inverter module to power an electric vehicle is provided. The laminated bus bar can include a first insulating layer and a current layer disposed over the first insulting layer. The current layer can include an output terminal. The laminated bus bar can include a second insulating layer disposed over the current layer. The laminated bus bar can include a third insulating layer disposed over the second insulating layer. The laminated bus bar can include a first polarity (e.g., negative) layer disposed over the third insulating layer. The first polarity layer can include a first polarity (e.g., negative) input terminal. The laminated bus bar can include a fourth insulating layer disposed over the first polarity layer. The laminated bus bar can include a second polarity (e.g., positive) layer disposed over the fourth insulating layer and that includes a second polarity (e.g., positive) input terminal.

Abstract: Provided herein is a capacitor module of an inverter module of an electric vehicle. The capacitor module can include a capacitor housing. The capacitor module can include a plurality of positive terminals coupled with a first surface of the capacitor housing and extending from the first surface at a first angle. The capacitor module can include a plurality of negative terminals coupled with the first surface of the capacitor housing and extending from the first surface at the first angle. The capacitor module can include a divider coupled with the first surface of the capacitor housing. The divider can be disposed between the plurality of positive terminals and the plurality of negative terminals. The divider can electrically isolate the plurality of positive terminals from the plurality of negative terminals. The capacitor module can include a plurality of mounting holes formed on an outer surface of the capacitor housing.

Abstract: Provided herein is a capacitor module of an inverter module of an electric vehicle. The capacitor module can include a capacitor housing. The capacitor module can include a plurality of positive terminals coupled with a first surface of the capacitor housing and extending from the first surface at a first angle. The capacitor module can include a plurality of negative terminals coupled with the first surface of the capacitor housing and extending from the first surface at the first angle. The capacitor module can include a divider coupled with the first surface of the capacitor housing. The divider can be disposed between the plurality of positive terminals and the plurality of negative terminals. The divider can electrically isolate the plurality of positive terminals from the plurality of negative terminals. The capacitor module can include a plurality of mounting holes formed on an outer surface of the capacitor housing.

Abstract: A battery cell includes a cathode layer and an anode layer. The anode layer includes anode particles, and a plurality of the anode particles have non-spanning cracks induced in the anode particles from cyclic tension applied to the anode layer prior to the anode layer being combined with the cathode layer in the battery cell. The battery cell also includes a case, where the cathode layer and the anode layer are housed within the case.

Abstract: Provided herein is a power converter component to power a drive unit of an electric vehicle drive system. The power converter component includes an inverter module formed having three half-bridge modules arranged in a triplet configuration for electric vehicle drive systems. Positive inputs, negative inputs, and output terminals of the different half-bridge inverter modules are aligned with each other. The inverter module includes a positive bus-bar coupled with the positive inputs and a negative bus-bar coupled with the negative inputs of the half-bridge inverter modules. The positive bus-bar is positioned adjacent to and parallel with the negative bus-bar. The inverter module can be coupled with a drive train unit of the electric vehicle and provide three phase voltages to the drive train unit. Each of the half bridge modules can generate a single phase voltage and three half-bridge modules arranged in a triplet configuration can provide three phase voltages.

Abstract: Provided herein are battery cells for battery packs in electric vehicles. The battery cell includes a housing defining an inner region, an electrolyte disposed within the inner region, and a gasket that couples a lid with the housing to seal the battery cell. The gasket can include an inner portion having an ingress point and an egress point. The inner portion can have disposed therein a thermocouple wire that extends through the inner portion, past the ingress point and past the egress point. The thermocouple wire can include a first lead, a second lead, and a third lead. The first, second, and third leads can be disposed within a common jacket between the ingress point and the egress point. A thermocouple sensor can be disposed in the inner region and be coupled with the first, second, and third leads of the thermocouple wire to provide sensed temperature information.

Abstract: Battery health is determined by estimating a battery anode capacity, battery cathode capacity, and cyclable lithium capacity. Determining electrode and lithium capacity may include determining anode and cathode open cell voltages (OCV) at the beginning of battery life, and estimating the full cell OCV from the individual (half-cell) OCV values. Once the beginning of battery life information is known, the state of charge (SOC) for a battery is measured during battery life. The SOC measurements may be captured at a plurality of different levels. The cathode capacity, anode capacity, and cycle mobile lithium capacity are then determined from the beginning of life OCV data and plurality of SOC data. The capacities can be used to detect degradation, and a battery management system can take steps to reduce further degradation based on the capacity values.

Abstract: A method for controlling battery temperature during a charge cycle includes representing a battery cell as a plurality of individual battery cells such that each representation of the individual battery cells can be simulated individually; for each of the individual battery cells, calculating one or more simulated responses during a charge cycle based at least in part on one or more values indicative of a charge rate; determining an optimal input temperature profile for the charge rate that minimizes differences between simulated responses for each of the plurality of individual battery cells; and providing the optimal input temperature profile for control of a temperature management system that monitors and controls a temperature of the battery cell.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods described related to a power module of a drivetrain system of an electric vehicle. The power modules as described herein can include a sandwich structure that reduces a parasitic inductance of the power module through mutual inductance cancellation. For example, the power modules can include at least two current paths that overlap or are formed over each other in a sandwich like formation to form a power loop having an overlapping current path. The power loop can have an overall inductance value corresponding to a self-inductance of the first current path and a self-inductance of the second current path subtracted by a mutual inductance value of the overlapping current path.

Abstract: Provided herein are apparatus, systems, and methods for reducing noise in an electric vehicle. The apparatus can include a cabin floor, a battery pack, and a stiffener positioned between the cabin floor and the battery pack. The cabin floor can include a recess that that defines a volume in the cabin floor. The battery pack is coupled to the cabin floor, and includes a plurality of battery cells generating a voltage and a current. The stiffener includes a first stiffener surface that faces the cabin floor, a second stiffener surface that faces the battery pack, and a first stiffener element that extends out of the first stiffener surface and conforms to a shape of the recess. The first stiffener element is positioned on the first stiffener surface to align with a position of the recess in the cabin floor.

Abstract: A battery management system that uses a multiple particle reduced order model to manage battery performance of a vehicle, such as an electric vehicle or hybrid electric vehicle is provided. The system can receive a value of a current output and determine, via a multi-particle model, a local current distribution that converges. The system can determine, via the multi-particle model and subsequent to determination of the local current distribution that converges, a concentration distribution. The system can determine, based on the local current distribution, a value of a voltage of the battery. The system can determine, based on the value of the voltage of the battery and the concentration distribution, a temperature of the battery. The system can generate, based on the value of the voltage of the battery or the temperature of the battery, a command to manage a performance of the battery.

Abstract: Commanding vehicles via a vehicle-to-infrastructure communication network are provided. A roadside unit in a location on a vehicular travel path broadcasts timestamps. A vehicle having an onboard unit receives the timestamp, calibrates an internal clock, and transmits a status of the first vehicle to the first roadside computing unit. The roadside unit receives the status of the vehicle, and transmits, to a data processing system, data packets including the status and information associated with the location in the vehicular travel path. The data processing system inputs the status information and the information associated with the location into a deep learning engine to assign, based on an output from the deep learning engine, a label to the vehicle. The data processing system selects a vehicle command based on the label and transmits the vehicle command to the vehicle to execute an action for traversing the vehicular travel path.

Abstract: Commanding vehicles via a vehicle-to-infrastructure communication network are provided. A roadside unit in a location on a vehicular travel path broadcasts timestamps. A vehicle having an onboard unit receives the timestamp, calibrates an internal clock, and transmits a status of the first vehicle to the first roadside computing unit. The roadside unit receives the status of the vehicle, and transmits, to a data processing system, data packets including the status and information associated with the location in the vehicular travel path. The data processing system inputs the status information and the information associated with the location into a deep learning engine to assign, based on an output from the deep learning engine, a label to the vehicle. The data processing system selects a vehicle command based on the label and transmits the vehicle command to the vehicle to execute an action for traversing the vehicular travel path.

Abstract: Various arrangements are presented for determining a state of a traffic light. A first analysis of a scene may be performed that includes the traffic light. The first analysis may result in the output of a first classification result and a first confidence score. A second, different analysis of the scene may be performed that also outputs a classification result and a confidence score. A fusion process may be performed to fuse the classification results into a fused classification result based on the confidence scores and one or more weighting metrics. A vehicle may then be driven at least partially based on the fused classification result.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods for cooling an electric drivetrain of an electric vehicle. The electric drivetrain can include an inverter, a gearbox and a motor. A first cooling system can use ethylene glycol and water (EGW) based coolant, and can include an EGW coolant loop to distribute the EGW based coolant to remove heat from a cold plate of the inverter, a housing of the gearbox, and a housing of the motor. A second cooling system can use an oil based coolant, and can include an oil coolant loop to distribute the oil based coolant to remove heat from internal components and the housing of the gearbox, and to remove heat from internal components and the housing of the motor. The second cooling system can include an oil coolant pump to control a flow of the oil based coolant through the oil coolant loop.

Abstract: A vehicle battery controller based on a reduced order model is provided. The controller identifies a value of a current output by the battery that supplies power to the vehicle. The controller provides the value of the current to a solid diffusion component, an electrolyte transport component, and a electrolyte and solid potential component. The solid diffusion component can update a solid concentration model of the battery. The electrolyte transport component can update an electrolyte concentration model of the battery. The electrolyte and solid potential component can update an electrolyte potential model and a solid potential model of the battery. The controller component can determine a value of a voltage of the battery and a value of a heat generation rate of the battery. The controller component can generate a command to manage a performance of the battery.

Abstract: Systems and methods of secure firmware updates on remote vehicles are provided. The system receives a request from a vehicle for an update to vehicle firmware, and identifies a blockchain address for the vehicle. The system generates a session identifier and identifies a firmware update file. The system generates a digital signature based on a combination of the session identifier and a first hash value of the firmware update file. The system provides, for storage in a block at the blockchain address, the digital signature. The system transmits the session identifier to the vehicle. The system transfers the firmware update file to the vehicle. The vehicle verifies the firmware update file using the digital signature retrieved from the block at the blockchain address, a second hash value of the firmware update file received from the data processing system, and the session identifier received from the data processing system.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods related to an inverter module of a drivetrain system of an electric vehicle. The inverter module can include multiple power modules to form a three phase inverter module to power an electric vehicle. The power modules can be arranged or organized within the inverter module to reduce a footprint of the inverter module and reduce an inductance of the inverter module. The power modules can be arranged within the inverter module in a row like or queue like formation such that a first row of power modules is disposed along a first side of the inverter module and a second row of power modules is disposed along a second side of the inverter module. The positioning of the power modules can reduce an inductance value of the paralleled power loop formed by the multiple power modules, reducing an inductance of the inverter module.