Abstract: An expanded graphite is derived from a graphitic or partially graphitic starting material selected from the group consisting of natural graphite, compressed expanded graphite, partially oxidized graphite and/or graphite fibers having a BET surface area of >30 m2/g. The expanded graphite is obtained by reaction of the starting material with substances capable of intercalation or mixtures of substances capable of intercalation to give a compound designated as an intercalation compound and subsequent expansion in plasma.

Abstract: A cathode bottom for an electrolytic cell for producing aluminum, includes a material which can be disposed on at least one cathode block. The material includes a pre-compressed plate based on expanded graphite. A method for producing a cathode bottom includes providing at least one cathode block and placing a material, including at least one pre-compressed plate based on expanded graphite, on at least one surface of the at least one cathode block. The cathode bottom is used in an electrolytic cell for producing aluminum.

Abstract: A method produces a connection between a carrier metal layer and a graphite layer. Accordingly, the method includes providing a carrier metal layer; providing a graphite layer to be connected to the carrier metal layer; arranging a bonding layer having at least one metal between the carrier metal layer and the graphite layer; and connecting the carrier metal layer to the graphite layer. The connection includes a diffusion step wherein the metal is stimulated to penetrate at least partially into the graphite layer and/or the carrier metal layer, wherein the metal substantially remains in a solid phase.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a fibre layer with a longitudinal direction, wherein the method is based on the fact that fibre bundles having the same or a different fibre fineness which are guided in parallel are guided together in an overspread, overlapping manner and as a result are mechanically strengthened, wherein at least one sliver is obtained as a unidirectional layer with a defined width without additional fixing agent and/or additional mechanical or physical fixing methods.

Abstract: A composite suitable as a charge-storing material for electrochemical capacitors contains carbon nanotubes and a carbonaceous materiel. The carbonaceous material is the carbonization residue of a biopolymer or seaweed rich in heteroatoms. Wherein the carbonization residue of the biopolymer or seaweed is electrically conductive and has a heteroatom content as detected by XPS of at least 6%.

Abstract: A method for reducing oxidic slags and dusts possibly loaded with organics uses an inductively heatable coke bed extending in the axial direction and having a temperature gradient. Reaction gas is sucked off in an axial region of the coke bed between two induction bodies and metal regulus and slag melt are tapped on the lower end. An inductively heatable shaft furnace chargeable with a lumpy coke bed for the reduction of metallic slags is made of an electrically insulating refractory material, has an adjustable temperature gradient includes at least one cooled induction body on the head side, a suction connection in an axial region where the prevailing temperature exceeds the condensation point of the substances to be removed, located below the cooled induction body on the head side, and an opening for tapping metal regulus and slag melt is provided on the lower end of the furnace.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a porous coke suitable as a charge-storing material in electrochemical capacitors, one manufactures or provides a non-calcined isotropic coke with spherical or onion-shaped morphology and low graphitizability as a starting material. The starting material is comingled with a caustic alkali to obtain a homogenous mixture. The homogenous mixture is heat treated at a temperature in a range between 650 and 950° C. to obtain the porous coke. The porous coke is washed and neutralized.

Abstract: In a method for processing and/or reducing solid or molten materials and/or pyrophoric materials, in particular shredder light fractions, the solid or molten materials are charged onto an at least partially inductively heated graphite body, wherein reducing agents different from the carbon of the graphite are introduced, the flowing-off reduced and/or degassed melt is collected, wherein the reducing agents are introduced together with the solid or molten charging materials, and, as said reducing agents, natural gas, hydrocarbons, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and/or ammonia are introduced along with water vapor, oxygen, carbon dioxide and/or halogens or hydrogen halides. (FIG.

Abstract: A method for reducing oxidic slags and dusts possibly loaded with organics uses an inductively heatable coke bed extending in the axial direction and having a temperature gradient. Reaction gas is sucked off in an axial region of the coke bed between two induction bodies and metal regulus and slag melt are tapped on the lower end. An inductively heatable shaft furnace chargeable with a lumpy coke bed for the reduction of metallic slags is made of an electrically insulating refractory material, has an adjustable temperature gradient includes at least one cooled induction body on the head side, a suction connection in an axial region where the prevailing temperature exceeds the condensation point of the substances to be removed, located below the cooled induction body on the head side, and an opening for tapping metal regulars and slag melt is provided on the lower end of the furnace.

Abstract: A carbon material suitable for the preparation of electrodes for electrochemical capacitors is obtained by single-stage carbonization of biopolymers with a large content of heteroatoms. Neither addition of an activating agent during carbonization nor subsequent gas phase activation is necessary. Several biopolymers which are available by extraction from seaweed are suitable precursors. Alternatively, the seaweed containing such biopolymers is carbonized directly.

Abstract: The invention relates to a latent heat storage material comprising a first phase change material, at least one second phase change material different from the first phase change material, and an expanded graphite material wherein the first phase change material and the at least one second phase change material are intermixed and the latent heat storage material exhibits a phase transition over a range of temperatures. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of a latent heat storage material comprising combining a mixture of an expanded graphite material and a first phase change material with at least one different second phase change material.

Abstract: In a method for reducing metal-oxidic slags or glasses and/or degassing mineral melts, solid particles and/or melts are charged onto an at least partially inductively heated bed or column containing lumpy coke, and the reduced and/or degassed melt running off is collected. The device for reducing metal-oxidic slags or glasses and/or degassing mineral melts, which includes a charging opening (1) for solid or molten material and a tap opening (12) for the treated melt, is characterized by a tubular or channel-shaped housing (3) for the reception of lumpy coke (6), and a heating means surrounding the housing and including at least one induction coil (7, 8, 9).

Abstract: Temperature-control bodies for photovoltaic modules have heat transfer tubes embedded in a layer of compressed expanded graphite and connected to the surface of a photoelectric cell layer that faces away from the solar radiation. A layered composite semi-finished product has a layer of compressed expanded graphite with a density of between 0.02 g/cm3 and 0.5 g/cm3.

Abstract: A graphite electrode for an electrothermic reduction furnace is formed from anode grade coke and graphitized at a graphitization temperature below 2700° C. The resulting electrode is particularly suited for carbothermal reduction of alumina. It has an iron content of about 0.05% by weight, a specific electrical resistivity of above 5 ?Ohm·m, and a thermal conductivity of less than 150 W/m·K. The graphite electrode is manufactured by first mixing calcined anode coke with a coal-tar pitch binder, and a green electrode is formed from the mixture at a temperature close to the softening point of the pitch binder. The green electrode is then baked to carbonize the pitch binder to solid coke. The resultant carbonized electrode, after further optional processing is then graphitized at a temperature below 2700° C. for a time sufficient to cause the carbon atoms in the carbonized electrode to organize into the crystalline structure of graphite.

Abstract: Cathodes for aluminum electrolysis cells are formed of cathode blocks and current collector bars attached to those blocks. The cathode slots receiving the collector bar are lined with expanded graphite lining thus providing longer useful lifetime of such cathodes and increased cell productivity. The expanded graphite provides a good electrical and thermal conductivity especially with its plane layer.

Abstract: Cathodes for aluminum electrolysis cells are formed of cathode blocks and current collector bars attached to those blocks. The cathode block has a cathode slot for receiving the collector bar and has a higher depth at a center than at both lateral edges of the cathode block. Additionally, the collector bar thickness is higher at the center than at both lateral edges of the cathode block. This cathode configuration provides a more even current distribution and, thus, a longer useful lifetime of such cathodes and increases cell productivity.

Abstract: Expansion joints located in the upper part of the hearth walls of a reduction furnace are filled with a plate-shaped compressible graphite filler having a density of 0.1 to 0.2 g/cm3. A method of manufacturing such a joint filler is also provided.

Abstract: Graphite electrodes for the production of aluminum by carbothermic reduction of alumina are either submerged in the molten bath in the low temperature compartment or they are horizontally arranged in the side walls of the high temperature compartment. The electrodes are manufactured by using a mixture of coke particles covering the complete particle size range between 25 ?m to 3 mm and by using an intensive mixer to effectively wet all coke particles with pitch. The electrodes have a flexural strength of at least 20 N/mm2. By using a complete range (continuum) of particle sizes in conjunction with an intensive mixer, the geometric packing of the particles is significantly improved, hence the material density is increased and thus a higher mechanical strength as well as improved electrical conductivity in comparison to conventional graphite electrodes is achieved.

Abstract: A process for producing a friction material based on a sheet-like carbon fiber woven fabric for wet-friction elements, such as clutch linings or synchronizing ring linings. The woven fabric of carbon fibers is impregnated with a binder, in particular with a resin, to form a binder-impregnated fiber material. The prepreg is cured for a curing period under a curing temperature which is elevated with respect to the ambient temperature and is pressed mechanically on its surfaces with a pressing mold before the start and/or at least during part of the curing period.

Abstract: A method for producing a latent heat storage material from a graphitic starting material selected from the group consisting of natural graphite, expanded graphite, and/or graphite fibers, and from a phase-changing material selected from the group consisting of sugar alcohols, water, organic acids and the mixtures thereof, aqueous salt solutions, salt hydrates, mixtures of salt hydrates, salt hydrates with paraffins, inorganic and organic salts and eutectic salt mixtures, clathrates and alkali metal hydroxides, as well as mixtures of these materials. The graphitic starting material is treated with a plasma before being impregnated with the phase-changing material. A latent heat storage material is produced according to the method.