Abstract: Disclosed is a light field technology-based unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring system. Said unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring system comprises: a first camera, configured to continuously obtain image information in a monitored area; a second camera, the second camera being a light field camera including a compound eye lens, and being configured to obtain, when it is determined that the obtained image information is of an unmanned aerial vehicle, light field information of the unmanned aerial vehicle; a vertical rotating platform and a horizontal rotating platform arranged perpendicular to each other, wherein the first camera and the second camera can rotate synchronously under the control of the vertical rotating platform and the horizontal rotating platform; and a computer processor, configured to calculate depth information of the unmanned aerial vehicle by means of the obtained light field information so as to obtain the position of the unmanned aerial vehicle.