Abstract: An onion-like graphite 2 is produced by irradiating an electron beam to an amorphous carbon 3 under an active aluminum nanoparticle 1. By further irradiating the electron beam to the onion-like graphite 2 to intercalate aluminum atoms constituting the aluminum nanoparticle 1 in a space between (001) plane and (002) plane of the onion-like graphite 2 having a layer structure, an intercalation compound 4 is produced. Or, after the aluminum nanoparticles were driven and disposed on the onion-like graphite by electron beam, or the like, by irradiating the electron beam to intercalate aluminum atoms in the space between the (001) plane and the (002) plane of the onion-like graphite having a layer structure, the intercalation compound is produced.

Abstract: After an ultrafine particle is disposed on a giant fullerene by driving the ultrafine particle 1 using an electron beam, the ultrafine particle is enclosed in a core hollow portion of the giant fullerene, by contracting the giant fullerene with the electron beam irradiation. Or a metal ultrafine particle composed of an active metal is enclosed in the core hollow portion of the giant fullerene, by irradiating a high energy beam such as the electron beam to an amorphous carbon under existing of the active metal to form the giant fullerene in an irradiated portion, and by contracting the giant fullerene with the irradiation of the high energy beam such as the electron beam.

Abstract: An electron beam of more than 1.times.10.sup.19 e/cm.sup.2 .multidot.sec is irradiated to metastable metal oxide particles such as .theta.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 particles or the like disposed on an amorphous carbon film. A phase transformation or the like of the metastable metal oxide particles is occurred by the electron beam irradiation. Thus, stable metal oxide ultrafine particles such as an .alpha.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ultrafine particle 2 whose diameter is more tiny than the metastable metal oxide particles used, and a metal ultrafine particle composed of an oxide such as Al ultrafine particles are produced.

Abstract: A fullerene composite comprises a matrix formed of ultrafine fullerene such as, for example, C.sub.60 crystallite having diameters in the range of from 5 to 50 nm and a reinforcing member formed of a mixture consisting of carbon nanotubes, carbon nanocapsules, and inevitable indeterminate carbonaceous impurities and incorporated in the matrix. The amount of the reinforcing member incorporated in the matrix is in the range of from 15 to 45% by weight based on the amount of the matrix. Owing to the use of the reinforcing member which contains carbon nanotubes and carbon nanocapsules, the produced fullerene composite is enabled to acquire improved mechanical strength and resistance to deformation, and the wide applicabilities are endowed with fullerene composites.