Abstract: A premixing chamber of a nebulizing device for an exhaust gas purification system serves to mix a compressed gas such as compressed air, for example, with a reducing agent such as urea solution, for example. The premixing chamber is set up on the carburetor principle and includes a compressed gas feed having a taper and a reducing agent feed opening in the region of the taper. The premixing chamber ensures that no deposits originating from the reducing agent can settle in the region of the mixing route. The premixing chamber is provided, in particular, for an exhaust gas purification system of a vehicle fitted with a regulated diesel catalytic converter as well as for stationary diesel engines of up to about 1000 kW (mechanical power).

Abstract: A nuclear reactor includes a core melt collection chamber having walls with multilevel protective layers. The layers include one layer part made of refractory concrete and another layer part made of ceramic bricks. The protective layers are anchored to the structural concrete of the collection chamber. In order to provide structural simplification, the layer part made of refractory concrete is constructed in the form of prefabricated blocks which are jointed together and are fastened to the structural concrete, and the layer part made of ceramic bricks is braced to the blocks of the layer part made of refractory concrete.

Abstract: The apparatus and method of the invention allow etching of the edge of a semiconductor substrate even where no resist is applied to the front side and back side of the semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor substrate is introduced into a protective chamber within an evacuatable process chamber. The front side and the back side of the semiconductor substrate are covered by the protective chamber except for the edge of the semiconductor substrate to be etched. The edge of the semiconductor substrate is then exposed to an etching agent. Etching products and excess etching agent are removed.

Abstract: A particularly thermally stable and acid resistant catalyst for reacting organic compounds present in a gas mixture, e.g. hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, alcohols and solvents, includes titanium oxide, vanadium oxide and at least one further catalytically active component. The titanium oxide is predominantly present as titanium dioxide TiO.sub.2 of the rutile type having a BET surface area of greater than 40 m.sup.2 /g. The catalyst can be used for purifying combustion waste gases of all types and for purifying industrial waste air.

Abstract: A circuit configuration for a programmable nonvolatile memory having memory cells organized in rows and columns, includes a programming circuit which contains a first device for testing purposes that applies a programming current to a first predetermined number of memory cells in parallel for a first predetermined time period. During a second predetermined time period, the device thereupon connects a second predetermined number, which is greater than the first number, in parallel an applies the programming current to them. A method is provided for operating the circuit configuration.

Abstract: A circuit configuration for smoothing an input voltage includes two input terminals for receiving the input voltage. A negative-feedback amplifier has two inputs and an output. A capacitor is connected to one of the inputs of the amplifier. An output terminal is connected to the output of the amplifier. A converter element has a first terminal connected to one of the input terminals, a second terminal connected to the one input of the amplifier and to the capacitor, and a third terminal connected to the output of the amplifier.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for detecting a ground fault in an electric power transmission line with three phase conductors where, upon response of the protective device, a fault identification signal indicating a single-pole or multipole fault is generated by comparing currents and voltages with predefined limit values. To reliably distinguish not only between a single-pole and a multipole ground fault, but also to reliably determine the phase conductor affected by the ground fault in such a process, measured quantities, corresponding to the currents of the zero phase-sequence system and the negative phase-sequence system, are formed when no fault identification signal is present. In the event of a ground fault of one phase conductor, when the phase angle between the two measured quantities drops below a predefined limit phase angle, an auxiliary signal is generated. Another auxiliary signal is generated when the currents in the two other phase conductors drop below a fraction of the ground current.

Abstract: In an apparatus for treatment of a subject with acoustic waves, a spatial allocation, required for the treatment of the patient and a source of acoustic waves relative to each other is effected by a surgical work station using a three-dimensional navigation system on the basis of a number of images of a region to be treated, which are obtained independently of the treatment apparatus, in different coordinate systems, and are displayed on a display screen of the work station.

Abstract: A trench capacitor with an epi layer in the lower portion of the trench. The epi layer serves as the buried plate of the trench capacitor. A diffusion region surrounds the lower portion of the trench to enhance the dopant concentration of the epi layer. The diffusion region is formed by, for example, gas phase doping, plasma doping, or plasma immersion ion implantation.

Abstract: Prior art redundancy of a network for information transmission is that individual components such as, for example, lines, switching networks, control computers are doubled. However, this has disadvantages particularly in view of economic feasibility. In order to be able to utilize simple, non-redundantly fashioned components, a redundant logically identical node is used (SN1',SN2',SN3') in addition to each node (SN1,SN2,SN3). Also each trunk (L1,L2,L3) between the nodes is supplemented with a redundant trunk (L1',L2',L3') potentially conducted via a different physical path. Both trunks are linked via at least one combiner/splitter element.

Abstract: A special method recognizes patterns in measurement signals. Speech signals or signals emitted by character recognition apparatuses are thereby meant. For the execution of the invention, the hidden Markov models with which the patterns to be recognized are modeled are expanded by a special state that comprises no emission probability and transition probability. In this way, the temporal position of the sought pattern becomes completely irrelevant for its probability of production. Furthermore, the method offers the advantage that new and unexpected disturbances can also be absorbed without the model's having to be trained on them. In contrast to standard methods, no training on background models need be carried out. However, this means a higher expense during the recognition of the patterns, since the individual paths of the Viterbi algorithm have to be normed to the current accumulated probabilities in the path with respect to their probabilities, in order to be able to compare them.

Abstract: In the method for assignment of time slots to a multichannel link, the incoming and outgoing time slots are each provided with an identification which unambiguously defines the sequence. At least one auxiliary variable is determined which, for a given time, relates to the difference between a number of outgoing time slots and incoming time slots for the multichannel link within the respective frames. The method and the switching device ensure a multichannel link with guaranteed bit integrity.

Abstract: Power-on detection circuitry with almost instantaneous response to a power-off condition includes a network of several transistors (30, 32, 38, 40) and a resistor (34). When a supply voltage (+VCC) used with the circuitry is first turned on, the network produces at an output (terminal 52) a short pulse which is subsequently used to generate a power-on (PWRON) signal (line 24) to reset or initialize circuit elements termed "latches" (14). The latches (14) in turn provide operating information to other (main) circuits (16). A reverse coupled diode-connected transistor (30) is provided to shunt to ground charge stored in parasitic capacitance (36) at an input (terminal 50) when power is interrupted, such as by a sudden negative voltage transient. This shunting action of the diode-connected transistor (30) virtually instantly brings the voltage at the input down almost to zero so that whenever power comes back on another short pulse at the output is sure to be generated.

Abstract: In a method for image reconstruction in imaging technology for the implementation of a fast convolution with the transformation length M while allowing slight over-convolution errors, each of p or 2p out of n measured projections of the length N are convolved with a modified filter kernel h (k) using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) simultaneously in one step.

Abstract: For manufacturing fine structures, nuclei that define the dimensions of the fine structures are formed on the surface of a substrate in a CVD process upon employment of a first process gas that contains SiH.sub.4 and GeH.sub.4 in a carrier gas. The nuclei can be employed both as a mask, for example, when etching or implanting, as will as active or passive component parts that remain in the structure, for example, as charge storages in the dielectric of an EEPROM.

Abstract: A device and a method are provided for regulating the fuel pressure in a high-pressure accumulator. A volumetric flow regulation and a pressure regulation combine the advantages of regulation of volumetric flow and regulation of pressure with one another and thus achieve increased dynamics and higher efficiency.

Abstract: With the advent of multimedia in computer systems, it is necessary to integrate audio and video in the computer as data types equivalent to text and graphics. For this purpose, provision is made of program modules which carry out different tasks. In order to define the properties of each audio/video device, an endpoint module is generated for each audio/video device and then forms the interface to the remaining modules. When a data packet is to be transmitted from one device to another device, an event or a request is generated, which is evaluated by an event module, which then selects the corresponding endpoint modules and establishes a logical link between these endpoint modules. The data packet is controlled by means of a data module, which also initiates the storage of the data packet. Following termination of the transmission of the data packet, the event module searches for further requests which can, for example, be held in a queue in a waiting loop.

Abstract: A high-temperature fuel cell system and a method for its operation include at least one electrical heating element for heating at least one high-temperature fuel cell block. The heating element is disposed outside the high-temperature fuel cell block. As a result, the fuel cells are neither polluted nor damaged.

Abstract: In a modified Booth's algorithm only one shift unit is required for multiplication of the partial products. This is based on the known coding prescriptions of the Booth's algorithm, which respectively determines from 3 bits of the multiplier how the partial products are to be produced. From the respective 3 bits of the multiplier of the current iteration and of the preceding iteration, it is determined whether the partial product used for the next iteration has to be multiplied by 1/2, 1/4 or 1/8. For this purpose, a coding table and a multiplier that operates according to this principle are provided.

Abstract: A method and a device for operating an asynchronous machine include controlling the rotor and the stator of the machine during start-up with respective first and second direct converter units. After the start-up the second direct converter unit is isolated from the stator and is connected to the rotor in parallel with the first direct converter unit. Therefore, direct converter units which are already available for performing a mains operation are used during start-up.